Lophophora

For the genus of moths, see Lophophora (moth).

Lophophora (/ləˈfɒfərə/)^{[citation needed]} is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its native range covers Texas through Mexico to southwestern Mexico.^[1] The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty years to reach flowering age (at the size of about a golf ball, excluding the root) in the wild.^{[citation needed]} Cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, usually taking between three and ten years to reach from seedling to mature flowering adult.^{[citation needed]} The slow rate of reproduction and over-harvesting by collectors render the species under threat in the wild.^{[citation needed]}

Lophophora
Lophophora williamsii cluster
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Tribe:	Cacteae
Genus:	Lophophora J.M.Coult.
Species
Lophophora diffusa Lophophora williamsii - Peyote
Lophophora range
Synonyms[1]
Peyotl F.Hern. nom. inval.

Taxonomy

Lophophora means "crest-bearing", referring to the tufts of trichomes that adorn each tubercle. Lophophora has been reported to have two species, L. diffusa and L. williamsii. Another three species have been proposed^{[by whom?]}: L. fricii, L. koehresii, and L. alberto-vojtechii.^[2] Recent DNA sequencing studies (Butterworth et al. 2002) have shown that L. diffusa and L. williamsii indeed are distinct species. DNA evidence from the alleged species L. fricii and L. koehresii would allow for more accurate classification.^[3]

Species

Image	Scientific Name	Description	Distribution
	Lophophora alberto-vojtechii Bohata, Myšák & Šnicer	Plants have gray green stems, typically reaching up to 2 cm in diameter	Mexico (San Luis Potosí)
	Lophophora diffusa (Croizat) Bravo	The plants are yellow-green, usually lacking well-defined ribs and furrows. The podaria are rarely elevated, but are broad and flat. The tufts of hair are usually spread unequally on the prominent podaria. The flowers are commonly whitish to yellowish-white. This species contains zero to trace amounts of mescaline; pellotine is the principal alkaloid.	south end of the range of the genus in Querétaro state, Mexico
	Lophophora fricii Haberm.		Mexico Northeast
	Lophophora williamsii (Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) J.M.Coult.	The plants are blue-green, usually with well-defined ribs and furrows. The tufts of hair are usually equally spaced on the ribs. The flowers are pinkish or rarely whitish. The mescaline content in dried "Peyote" can reach almost 7%.[citation needed]	the full range of the genus except in Querétaro state, Mexico

Cultivation

Lophophora species easily adapt to cultivation, requiring warm conditions and a free-draining substrate, and to be kept dry in winter.^{[citation needed]}