Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide

Luteinizing hormone subunit beta also known as lutropin subunit beta or LHβ is a polypeptide that in association with an alpha subunit common to all gonadotropin hormones forms the reproductive signaling molecule luteinizing hormone. In humans it is encoded by the LHB gene.^[4][5]

LHB
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1M92
Identifiers
Aliases	LHB, CGB4, LSH-B, hHH23, Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide, LSH-beta, Luteinizing hormone subunit beta
External IDs	OMIM: 152780; MGI: 96782; HomoloGene: 81806; GeneCards: LHB; OMA:LHB - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.33 Start 49,015,980 bp[1] End 49,017,091 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in anterior pituitary gonad testicle body of pancreas endothelial cell left testis placenta right testis stromal cell of endometrium body of stomach n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding hormone activity Cellular component Golgi lumen extracellular region extracellular space cytoplasm Biological process cell-cell signaling progesterone biosynthetic process male gonad development peptide hormone processing signal transduction hormone-mediated signaling pathway ovulation regulation of signaling receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3972 16866 Ensembl ENSG00000104826 ENSMUSG00000100916 UniProt P01229 O09108 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000894 NM_008497 RefSeq (protein) NP_000885 NP_032523 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 49.02 – 49.02 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
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Gene

The luteinizing hormone beta subunit is encoded by a single gene in all mammals. In primates, this gene is located within a cluster that arose through gene duplication, and also includes multiple redundant genes encoding the beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin as well as several nonfunctional pseudogenes. In humans these are contiguous on chromosome 19q13.3.^[5] In equids the beta subunit polypeptides of luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are identical in sequence, differing only in their carbohydrate side-chains, and are the product of a single gene.^[6]

Function

This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit (this protein) which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids.^[5]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadism which is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism.^[5]