Madiun River

The Madiun River (Indonesian: Bengawan Madiun or Kali Madiun) is a river in East Java, Indonesia, about 500 km to the east of the capital Jakarta.^[1] It is the largest tributary of the Solo River.^[2] Its name indicates that it passes through the major city of Madiun, East Java, Indonesia.^[3] This river starts as several smaller tributaries converging near the city of Ponorogo, in particular the Kali Slahung, Kali Keyang, and Kali Sungkur.^[4] It eventually converges with the Solo River near the city of Ngawi.^[5]

Madiun River Kali Bengawan Madioen, Kali Madioen
Location of the mouth Show map of Java Madiun River (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia
Native name	Bengawan Madiun (Indonesian) Kali Madiun (Indonesian)
Location
Country	Indonesia
State	Jawa Timur
City	Madiun
Physical characteristics
Source confluence	Some tributaries
• location	Ponorogo
Mouth	Solo River
• location	Ngawi (town)
• coordinates	7°23′17″S 111°27′28″E

Historical note

In 1825, the Dutch East Indies soldiers built a fortress near the convergence of the Madiun and Solo rivers, to fight a local rebellion led by Diponegoro. The fortress was named Fort Van Den Bosch;^[2] known locally as Benteng Pendem Ngawi.^[6]

Geography

The river flows entirely within the Province of East Java, passing through Ponorogo Regency, Madiun Regency, City of Madiun, Magetan Regency, and Ngawi Regency, with a savanna climate.^[7] The annual average temperature in the area is 26 °C. The warmest month is October when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is January, at 24 °C.^[8] The wettest month is March, with an average of 546 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 21 mm of rainfall.^[9]

For ages, the Madiun River has notoriously caused flooding during the rainy season.^[10] Every year the seasonal deluge submerges many fields and houses along the river banks, including some districts in Ponorogo Regency in the upper reaches^[4] and in the Ngawi Regency in the lower reaches.^[11][12][13] The high debit of water overflows to the Solo River, adding to the regular flooding in Bojonegoro Regency.^[14] During the dry season, the river becomes a tourist place for fishing or a place to mine sands for local people.^[15]

Tourism

• Wana Wisata Grape at the Catur river (Grape river).^[16]

See also

• List of drainage basins of Indonesia
• List of rivers of Indonesia
• List of rivers of Java