Manis

For other uses, see Manis (disambiguation).

Manis ("spirit") is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins, the Asiatic pangolins, from subfamily Maninae, within family Manidae.^[5][6]

Asiatic pangolin Temporal range: 12.9–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Middle Miocene - present[1]
Living pangolins from genus Manis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Pholidota
Family:	Manidae
Subfamily:	Maninae Gray, 1821
Genus:	Manis Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758
Species
Manis crassicaudata Manis pentadactyla †Manis hungarica †Manis lydekkeri Subgenus: Paramanis Manis culionensis Manis javanica Manis mysteria †Manis palaeojavanica
Manis crassicaudata   Manis culionensis   Manis javanica   Manis pentadactyla
Synonyms[2][3]
synonyms of subfamily: Mania Manidae (Gray, 1821) Manina (Gray, 1825)[4] Pholidotina (Gray, 1873) synonyms of genus: Pangolin (Gray, 1873) Pangolinus (Rafinesque, 1821) Paramanis (Pocock, 1924) Phatages (Sundevall, 1843) Phatagenus (Sundevall, 1843) Pholidotus (Brisson, 1762) Quaggelo (Frisch, 1775)

Etymology

Carl Linnaeus (1758) invented the Neo-Latin generic name Manis apparently as a feminine singular form of the Latin masculine plural Manes, the Ancient Roman name for a type of spirit, after the animal's strange appearance.^[7]

Taxonomy

• Subfamily: Maninae (Asiatic pangolins)
  • Genus: Manis (Asiatic pangolins)
    • Manis crassicaudata (Indian pangolin)
    • Manis pentadactyla (Chinese pangolin)
    • Manis aurita (Indo-Burmese pangolin)^[8]
    • Manis mysteria (Cryptic pangolin)^[9]
    • †Manis hungarica
    • †Manis lydekkeri
    • Subgenus: Paramanis
      • Manis culionensis (Philippine pangolin)
      • Manis javanica (Sunda pangolin)
      • †Manis palaeojavanica (Giant asian pangolin)

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic position of genus Manis within family Manidae.^[10][11][1]

Pholidotamorpha

†Palaeanodonta Pholidota †Euromanis ? †Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08) †Eurotamanduidae Eupholidota †Eomanoidea Manoidea †Patriomanidae ? †Necromanis Manidae Smutsiinae Phatagininae Smutsiinae (sensu stricto) sensu lato ? †Manidae sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364) Maninae Manis Manis pentadactyla ? †Manis hungarica Manis crassicaudata ? †Manis lydekkeri ? Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8) (Paramanis) Manis culionensis Manis javanica ? †Manis palaeojavanica sensu stricto

(Pholidota sensu lato)