Marcel Camus

Marcel Camus (21 April 1912 – 13 January 1982) was a French film director. He is best known for Orfeu Negro (Black Orpheus), which won the Palme d'Or at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival^[1] and the 1960 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.^[2]

Marcel Camus
Born	(1912-04-21)21 April 1912 Chappes, France
Died	13 January 1982(1982-01-13) (aged 69) Paris, France
Resting place	Père Lachaise Cemetery
Occupation	Film director
Years active	1957–1982
Spouse(s)	Marpessa Dawn (divorced) Lourdes de Oliveira
Children	2

Biography

Camus was born in Chappes,^[3] in the Ardennes département of France. He studied art and intended to become an art teacher. However, World War II interrupted his plans. He spent part of the war in a German prisoner-of-war camp.^[4]

On his return from captivity, his uncle, famous novelist Roland Dorgelès, introduced him to several filmmakers. Camus assisted filmmakers in France, including Jacques Feyder, Luis Buñuel, and Jacques Becker.^[5][6]

New Wave

In a famous photo of the French New Wave filmmakers, taken on the steps of the Palais des Festivals in Cannes in 1959, Marcel Camus appears alongside François Truffaut, François Reichenbach, Claude Chabrol, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze, Jean-Luc Godard, Roger Vadim, Jean-Daniel Pollet, Jacques Rozier, Jacques Baratier, Jean Valère, Édouard Molinaro and Robert Hossein.

Orfeu Negro

In 1958, at the suggestion of producer Sacha Gordine, Camus travelled to Brazil^[7] to adapt a play for the screen with the help of Jacques Viot. Orfeu da Conceição, by famous poet and diplomat Vinícius de Moraes, became Orfeu Negro, a transposition of the love story of Orpheus and Eurydice to the favelas of Rio de Janeiro during Carnival. The film won over the general public and a large proportion of the critics.^[8] It was a worldwide success,^[9] winning several awards including the Palme d'Or at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival^[1] and the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film in 1960.^[2] It introduced Europeans and Americans to Rio, Carnival and bossa nova, with unknown black actors and a tender view of Brazil.^[10][11]

Os bandeirantes

In 1960, Camus made a second Brazilian-themed film, Os Bandeirantes. This adventure film follows a French diamond miner in Brazil who, after being betrayed and left for dead by a friend, embarks on a quest for vengeance but finds himself falling in love with a Brazilian woman along the way.

Last films

Camus had a great success with a World War II comedy, Atlantic Wall, starring the well-known French comedian Bourvil.^[6] It was the second most popular film in France in 1970, attracting 4,770,962 viewers.^[12]

In 1976, Camus came back to the country that fascinated him and his wife. In a return to Brazilian themes, he directed Bahia (also known as Otalia da Bahia and Os pastores da noite), adapted from Brazilian writer Jorge Amado's Os pastores da noite (Shepherds of the Night).^[13][14] However, Bahia failed to recapture the success of Orfeu Negro.

Camus ended his career working primarily in television.^[6]

Personal life

Camus married Marpessa Dawn, who starred in Orfeu Negro, but they divorced shortly thereafter. He then married Lourdes de Oliveira, who was also in the film.^[15] Camus and de Oliveira had two children, including writer Jean-Christophe Camus.^[15][16]

Camus died in Paris on January 13, 1982 and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Filmography

• Champions Juniors (1951) – writer
• Fugitive in Saigon (1957) – director
• Orfeu Negro (1959) - director
• The Pioneers (1961) - writer and director
• Bird of Paradise (1962) - co-writer and director
• Le Chant du monde (1965) - director
• Love in the Night (1968) - director
• Atlantic Wall (1970) - director
• The Bread Peddler [fr] (1973, TV miniseries) - director
• Bahia (1978) - writer and director
• Le Roi qui vient du sud [fr] (co-director: Heinz Schirk [de], 1979, TV miniseries) - director
• Mein Freund Winnetou (1980, TV miniseries) - director