Mohanakalyani

Mohanakalyani is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 65th melakarta scale Mechakalyani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the Melakarta raga scale Kalyani.^[1] This ragam can be considered as a Prati Madhyamam equivalent of Bilahari, the janya of 29th Melakartha Dheerashankarabharanam. The equivalent of Mohanakalyani in Hindustani music is Bhoop Kalyan or Shuddha Kalyan.^[2] Bhoop Kalyan belongs to the Kalyan thaat of Hindustani music. Similar to Mohanakalyani, Bhoop Kalyan is a combination of Bhoop and Kalyan.^[2] This rāgam is believed to be invented by Swati Tirunal Maharaja.

Mohanakalyani

Arohanam	S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₂ S

Structure and Lakshana

Mohanakalyani is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).^[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

• ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ^[a]
• avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₂ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjamam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham in ascending scale, with kakali nishadham and prati madhyamam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

Popular compositions

A few compositions have been set to Mohanakalyani rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in Mohanakalyani.

• Sangeetha Samrajya Sancharini by Bengaluru Ramamurthy Rao
• Seve Srikantham by Maharaja Swati Tirunal
• Siddhi Vinayakam Seveham and Bhuvaneshwariya by Muthiah Bhagavatar
• Sri Dharma Shastharam by Thulaseevanam R. Ramachandran Nair
• Thaka Thajanu Theemtha, a thillana, by Lalgudi Jayaraman
• Aadinaye Kanna by Ambujam Krishna sung by M. L. Vasanthakumari^[3]
• Tamaddam Taggadaiyya by Lalgudi Gopala Iyer
• Hariya Bhajane Mado and Baro Murari by Vadiraja Tirtha

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Amudhum Thaenum	Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum	K. V. Mahadevan	Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Masila Unmai Kathale	Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum	Susarla Dakshinamurthi	A. M. Rajah, Bhanumathi
Chellakiligalam Paliyile	Enga Mama	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan
Pudhiya Vaanam	Anbe Vaa
Ullangal Ondragi	Punar Janmam	T. Chalapathi Rao	A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Chinna Chinna Kannile	Then Nilavu	A. M. Rajah
Thanimaiyile Inimai	Aadi Perukku
Thullatha Manamum	Kalyana Parisu		Jikki
Thenmalli Poove	Thyagam	Illayaraja	T. M. Soundararajan, S. Janaki
Kaalai Thendral Paadi Varum	Uyarndha Ullam		P. Susheela
Naan Sirithal	Nayakan		K. Jamuna Rani, M. S. Rajeswari
Pattu Thalaivan padinal	Idaya Kovil		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Ohh Party Nalla	Idhayam		Malaysia Vasudevan
Muthal Mutham	Puthir		K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Maragatha Veenai	Maragatha Veenai
Paarijatha Poove	En Rasavin Manasile		S. N. Surendar, K.S. Chitra
Oru Kanam Oru Yugamaga	Nadodi Thendral		Illayaraja, S. Janaki
Ninaikkatha Neramillai	Thangakkili		Mano, S. Janaki
Vannila Thennila	Kavithai Paadum Alaigal		Mano, K.S. Chitra
Keladaa Manida	Bharathi		Rajkumar Bharathi
Vaanmathiye	Aranmanai Kili		S. Janaki
Panneeril Nanaintha	Uyire Unakkaga	Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Uyire Uyire	Iniyavale	Deva	Hariharan, Swarnalatha
Kuku Kuku Kuyile	Aagaya Pookal		K.J. Yesudas
Kandupidi Avanai Kandupidi (charanam in Ragam Vasanthi)	Unnudan		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Harini
Mudhan Mudhalaga	Engal Anna		Hariharan, Sadhana Sargam
Ethirveetu Jannal	Oor Mariyadhai		Malaysia Vasudevan, Krishnaraj
Chinna Veedu Chithra	Thai Poranthachu		Sabesh
Uyir Vazhgiren	Vaikarai Pookkal	Devendran	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam(vers 1), K. S. Chithra(vers 2)

Songs in malayalam

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Kaalendee theeram thannil	April 18	A. T. Ummer	K. J. Yesudas, S Janakidevi
Maleeyam	Thacholi Varghese Chekavar	Sharreth	K. S. Chitra

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities

• Mohanam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Mohanakalyani. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
• Bilahari is a rāgam which has the shuddha madhyamam in descending scale (descending scale of Shankarabharanam) in place of the prati madhyamam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S

Notes

1. Alternate notations:

   • Hindustani: S R G P D Ṡ
   • Western: C D E G A C
2. Alternate notations:

   • Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ G R S
   • Western: C B A G F♯ E D C