Monachinae

Monachinae (known colloquially as "Southern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the tropical, temperate and polar regions of the southern hemisphere, though in the distant past fossil representatives have been found on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean.^[1][2] The difference between members of this group and members of Phocinae is in monachines the hindclaws are greatly reduced in size.^[3] Furthermore, all species have 34 chromosomes.^[3] There are three tribes recognized here: Monachini (monk seals), Miroungini (elephant seals), and Lobodontini (Antarctic seals and a handful of Afroamerican fossil genera).^[4][5] While today represented by eight extant and one recently extinct species, Monachinae had an incredibly enriched fossil diversity that went into decline soon to be replaced by southern species of sea lions and fur seals.^[6][5]

Southern seals Temporal range: Aquitanian–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Miocene – Holocene, possible late Oligocene record[1]
Leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Parvorder:	Pinnipedia
Family:	Phocidae
Subfamily:	Monachinae E. L. Trouessart, 1897
Tribes
Monachini E. L. Trouessart, 1897 Miroungini Muizon, 1981 Lobodontini J. E. Gray, 1869