Mule Spring Limestone

The Mule Spring Limestone is a geologic formation in the Saline Range of eastern California and Split Mountain and Goldfield Hills of Nevada.

Mule Spring Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Lower Cambrian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1]
Type	Formation
Underlies	Monola Formation (Saline Range) Emigrant Formation (Split Mountain)
Overlies	Saline Valley Formation (Saline Range) Harkless Formation (Split Mountain)
Thickness	0–1,000 feet (0–305 m)[1]
Lithology
Primary	Limestone
Other	Siltstone, Shale,
Location
Region	Mojave Desert, California, Nevada
Country	United States

It is also to be found in the Inyo Mountains and White Mountains.

It preserves fossils, such as trilobites, and algal structures like Girvanella, dating back to the Cambrian period.^[2][1]

Geology

The Mule Spring Limestone, as its name suggests, is mainly composed of limestone rocks. These rocks are medium-gray to light-medium-gray, as well as very fine to fine crystalline, and is thin to very thin-bedded in most areas. In the lower sections of the formation, there are also occasional layers, up to 500 ft (150 m) thick, of pale-yellowish-brown or greenish-gray shale, limy siltstone and silty limestone.^[1] In the Split Mountain, the formation overlies the Harkless Formation and underlies the Emigrant Formation,^[1][3] whilst in other areas it overlies the Saline Valley Formation and underlies the Monola Formation.^[1]

Paleobiota

The Mule Spring Limestone contains examples of Archaeocyatha, a clade of sponges that went extinct during this time,^[4] as well as a collection of trilobites.^[2][1]

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Arthropoda

Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Bristolia[1][2][5][3]	Bristolia sp. B. harringtoni B. insolens B. bristolensis B. anteros B. fragilis	Biceratopsid trilobites.
Peachella[1][2][5]	Peachella sp.	Biceratopsid trilobite.
Mesonacis[2]	Mesonacis sp.	Olenellid trilobite. Mesonacis sp. previously described as Fremontia sp. which was later synonymised into Mesonacis.[1]
Olenellus[2][5][6][3]	Olenellus sp. O. puertoblancoensis(?)	Olenellid trilobite. Olenellus sp. previously described as Paedumias sp. which was later synonymised into Olenellus.[1]
Onchocephalus[2][5]	Onchocephalus sp.	Ptychoparid trilobite.
Ptychoparioid[2][6][3]	Ptychoparioid sp. A Ptychoparioid sp. B Ptychoparioid sp. C Ptychoparioid sp. D	Ptychoparid trilobites.
Bonnia[1][2][5][3]	Bonnia sp.	Dorypygid trilobite.
Crassifimbra[3]	Crassifimbra sp.	Trilobite, family unknown.

Porifera (Sponges)

Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Archaeocyathus[4]	Archaeocyathus sp.	Archaeocyathide sponge.

Flora

Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Girvanella[1]	Girvanella sp.	Cyanobacteria structures.

See also

• Earth sciences portal
• United States portal
• Paleontology portal

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Nevada
• Paleontology in Nevada