Municipalities of Portugal

The municipality (Portuguese: município or concelho) is the second-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution.^[1]

Municipality
Also known as: Concelho
Category	2nd-level administrative division
Location	Portugal
Found in	Administrative region Autonomous region
Created	Middle Ages
Number	308
Populations	435–567,131
Areas	7.9–1,720.6 km2
Government	Municipal Chamber Municipal Assembly
Subdivisions	Freguesia (civil parish)

As a general rule, each municipality is further subdivided into parishes (freguesias); the municipalities in the north of the country usually have a higher number of parishes. Six municipalities are composed of only one parish, and Barcelos, with 61 parishes, has the most. Corvo is, by law, the only municipality with no parishes.

Since the creation of a democratic local administration, in 1976, the Portuguese municipalities have been ruled by a system composed of an executive body (the municipal chamber) and a deliberative body (the municipal assembly). The municipal chamber is the executive body and is composed of the president of the municipality and a number of councillors proportional to the municipality's population. The municipal assembly is composed of the presidents of all the parishes that compose the municipality, as well as by a number of directly elected deputies, at least equal to the number of parish presidents plus one. Both bodies are elected for four years.^[1]

Portugal has an entirely separate system of ceremonial cities and towns. Cities and towns are located in municipalities but often do not have the same boundaries, even they are continuously built up. There are around twice as many cities and towns as there are municipalities.

History

The municipality has been the most stable subdivision of Portugal since the foundation of the country in the 12th century.^[2][3] They have their origin in the foral, a legal document, issued by the King of Portugal, which assigned privileges to a town or a region. The present subdivisions have their origins in the 19th century after the administrative reforms conducted by the middle of the 19th century by the governments of the constitutional monarchy.

The concelhos probably formed after the expulsion of the Visigothic rulers by the Moors during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. Towns were thus left free to govern themselves, and the population started to organize in councils (concelhos in Portuguese) in order to govern the town and surrounding lands. These were also a reminder of Roman municipalities.

The existence since the Middle Ages of a large number of small municipalities with no financial resources and without people qualified to take part in municipal councils caused the stagnation of their growth. The Liberal revolution of 1836, resulted in the suppression/annexation of many of these smaller municipalities, which allowed the infusion of new revenues and facilitated growth in population and size.^[2]

Geography

See also: List of municipalities of Portugal

There are 308 municipalities in Portugal: 278 in mainland Portugal, 19 in the autonomous region of the Azores, and 11 in Madeira. They are usually named for their biggest city, or at least, their historically most important city or town. However, the municipality is not synonymous with the city (or urban centre) and can include various towns or cities. In Portugal, cities/towns are a social distinction based on population size and associated services and have no legal representation in law or constitution.

Portugal has no unincorporated areas; all the national territory belongs to a municipality, including uninhabited islands: Berlengas to Peniche, Desertas Islands to Santa Cruz, Selvagens Islands to Funchal, and Formigas Islets to Vila do Porto.

Portugal is divided into 18 continental districts (Portuguese: distritos) and two autonomous regions (Portuguese: regiões autónomas), Azores and Madeira. The table below is the distribution of the municipalities within these districts and the autonomous regions:

The 18 districts and 2 autonomous regions of Portugal, subdivided into their municipalities.

Order	District/Autonomous Region	Municipalities
01.	Aveiro	19
02.	Beja	14
03.	Braga	14
04.	Bragança	12
05.	Castelo Branco	11
06.	Coimbra	17
07.	Évora	14
08.	Faro	16
09.	Guarda	14
10.	Leiria	16
11.	Lisbon	16
12.	Portalegre	15
13.	Porto	18
14.	Santarém	21
15.	Setúbal	13
16.	Viana do Castelo	10
17.	Vila Real	14
18.	Viseu	24
19.	Azores	19
20.	Madeira	11

The biggest municipalities are those located in rural and inland areas where the dominating property type is the latifundia, such as Beja, Évora, or Portalegre in the south, and also in other less populated areas, such as Bragança or Castelo Branco.

The most populous municipalities are those located near the sea, and especially around the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, while the less populous municipalities are located in the inland regions of Alentejo and Trás-os-Montes. The municipalities with the lowest population densities are also found in these inland regions, with smaller populations distributed over a greater area.

Demographics

The following chart show municipalities (as of 2023) with populations over 100,000.^[4] Around 190 municipalities have less than 20,000 inhabitants each.

Rank	Municipality	Population	Land area (km2)	Density (people/km2)	Metropolitan area
1	Lisbon	567,131	100.1	5,669	Lisbon
2	Sintra	395,528	319.2	1,239
3	Vila Nova de Gaia	311,223	168.5	1,848	Porto
4	Porto	248,769	41.4	6,006
5	Cascais	219,636	97.4	2,255	Lisbon
6	Loures	207,065	167.2	1,238
7	Braga	201,583	183.4	1,099
8	Almada	181,232	70.2	2,581	Lisbon
9	Matosinhos	179,558	62.4	2,877	Porto
10	Amadora	178,253	23.8	7,496	Lisbon
11	Oeiras	175,677	45.9	3,829
12	Seixal	173,163	95.5	1,813
13	Gondomar	168,582	133.9	1,279	Porto
14	Guimarães	156,789	241.0	651
15	Odivelas	153,708	26.5	5,792	Lisbon
16	Coimbra	144,822	319.4	453
17	Maia	142,594	83.0	1,718	Porto
18	Santa Maria da Feira	139,837	215.9	648
19	Vila Franca de Xira	139,452	318.2	438	Lisbon
20	Vila Nova de Famalicão	135,994	201.6	675
21	Leiria	133,795	565.1	237
22	Setúbal	123,548	230.3	536	Lisbon
23	Barcelos	117,005	378.9	309
24	Funchal	107,562	76.1	1,413
25	Viseu	101,977	507.1	201
26	Valongo	100,166	75.1	1,333	Porto

See also

• Portugal portal

• List of municipalities of Portugal
• Municipality
• Subdivisions of Portugal