Munjong of Goryeo

This article is about the 11th monarch during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea. For the 5th Korean monarch during the Joseon Dynasty, see Munjong of Joseon.

Munjong (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

Munjong 문종 文宗
King of Goryeo
Reign	1046–1083
Coronation	1046 Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Predecessor	Jeongjong of Goryeo
Successor	Sunjong of Goryeo
Born	Wang Hwi 29 December 1019 Anbok Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died	2 September 1083 (aged 63) Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Burial	Gyeongneung (경릉; 景陵)
Queen Consort	Queen Inpyeong Queen Inye ​ (before 1047)​
Consort	Princess Suryeong Princess Sunggyeong ​ (before 1082)​ Princess Sunghwa ​ ​ (m. 1049⁠–⁠1083)​
Issue	Sons: Wang Hun Wang Un Wang Ong Wang Hu Wang Su Wang T'aeng Wang Pi Wang Ŭm Wang Ch'im Wang Kyŏng Wang To Wang Su Wang Yu Daughters: Princess Jeokgyeong Princess Boryeong
Posthumous name Great King Gangjeong Myeongdae Jangseong Inhyo 강정명대장성인효대왕 (剛定明大章聖仁孝大王) Temple name Munjong (문종; 文宗)
House	Wang
Dynasty	Goryeo
Father	Hyeonjong of Goryeo
Mother	Queen Wonhye

Korean name
Hangul	왕휘
Hanja	王徽
RR	Wang Hwi
MR	Wang Hwi
Monarch name
Hangul	문종
Hanja	文宗
RR	Munjong
MR	Munjong
Courtesy name
Hangul	촉유
Hanja	燭幽
RR	Chokyu
MR	Ch'ogyu
Posthumous name
Hangul	인효대왕
Hanja	仁孝大王
RR	Inhyo daewang
MR	Inhyo taewang

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.^[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.^[1]

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.^[2] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.^[2]

Family

• Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
  • Grandfather: Anjong of Goryeo
  • Grandmother: Queen Heonjeong of the Hwangju Hwangbo clan
• Mother: Queen Wonhye of the Ansan Kim clan
  • Grandfather: Kim Ŭnbu
  • Grandmother: Grand Lady of Ansan County of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (안산군대부인 이씨)
• Consorts and their Respective issue(s):

1. Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan, half younger sister – No issue.
2. Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan
   1. Crown Prince Wang Hun, 1st son
   2. Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon, 2nd son
   3. Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim, 3rd son
   4. Wang Hu, 4th son – a monk.
   5. Wang Su, Duke Sangan (상안공 왕수), 5th son^[3][4]
   6. Wang T'aeng, 6th son – a monk.
   7. Wang Pi, Marquess Geumgwan (금관후 왕비), 7th son^[5]
   8. Wang Ŭm, Marquess Byeonhan (변한후 왕음), 8th son^[6][7]
   9. Wang Ch'im, Marquess Nakrang (낙랑후 왕침), 9th son
   10. Wang Kyŏng (왕경), 10th son – a monk.
   11. Princess Jeokgyeong, 1st daughter'
   12. Princess Boryeong, 2nd daughter
   13. 3rd daughter^[8]
   14. 4th daughter^[8]
3. Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Gyeongwon Yi clan
   1. Wang To, Duke Joseon, 11th son
   2. Wang Su, Duke Buyeo, 12th son
   3. Wang Yu, Duke Jinhan, 13th son
4. Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan
   1. 5th daughter^[8]
   2. 6th daughter^[8]
5. Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan
   1. 7th daughter^[8]