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Muzaffarpur

City in Bihar, India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Muzaffarpur district.

Muzaffarpur (pronunciationⓘ) also spelled as Mozufferpore,[7] is a city located in Muzaffarpur district on the banks of Burhi Gandak river in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar.[6][2] It serves as the headquarters of the Tirhut division, the Muzaffarpur district. It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.[note 1]

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Muzaffarpur is known for Shahi litchis and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.[8][9] Shahi lychee is the fourth product from Bihar to get the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf). The city is situated on the banks of the perennial Budhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills[10] of the Himalayas.

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Etymology

The current city was established in 1875 during the British Raj for administrative convenience, by dividing the Tirhut district and was named after an aumil, Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as Muzaffarpur.[11]

History

The city was founded in 18th century during British Raj period and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). Lychee, sweet corn, mango, vegetables, rice and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.[12]

In 1972, the Sitamarhi and Vaishali districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.[13]

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Geography

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Muzaffarpur is located at 26°07′N 85°24′E.[14] The city lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.[15] It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar, over Himalayan silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.

Climate

Muzaffarpur has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) under the Köppen climate classification. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28–40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 6–20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.

More information Climate data for Muzaffarpur (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2009), Month ...

Muzaffarpur has been ranked 32nd best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[19]

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Demographics

As of the 2011 India census,[20] Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724.[2] Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215).[2] Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 85.16%. Male literacy was 88.83%, and female literacy was 81.05%.[21]

As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.[22]

Religion in Muzaffarpur (2011)
  1. Hinduism (77.7%)
  2. Islam (21.1%)
  3. Other (1.28%)
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Economy

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Vasant Palace

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[23] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[23]

Lychee

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Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur

The lychee crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are Shahi and China. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.[24]

Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.[25]

Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Vijay Mallya's group, United Breweries Group, is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.[26]

Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.[27]

Lahti Bangles

The production and sales of Lahti bangles is also very prominent in city. Bollywood actress Aishwarya Rai also wore the Lahti bangles of the city at her wedding. [28]

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Transport

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Railways

Main article: Muzaffarpur Junction railway station
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Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view

Muzaffarpur Junction railway station (MFP)[29] is a main A1 Category railway junction in Sonpur Division of East Central Railway, having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur), Kaparpura and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.

Roads

Further information: Transport in Bihar
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Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57

National Highway 57 (India) comes via Gorakhpur, Motihari, Mehsi and crosses Muzaffarpur and National Highway 57 (India) goes to Darbhanga, Purnia. The East–West Corridor crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. National Highway 22 (India) starting from Hajipur passes through Muzaffarpur and connects it with Sitamarhi. National Highway 28 (India) connects Mehsi and Muzaffarpur to Barauni, and all six National Highways have a junction there.

Airport

Muzaffarpur Airport (IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ)[30] is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 Muzaffarpur - Chhapra (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis.[31]

Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64 km away by road. Patna Airport is the nearest customs airport roughly 70 km from the city.

Rapid Transit

Main article: Muzaffarpur Metro

It is been proposed to equip this city with rapid transit system (commonly referred to as metro). [32] Department of Urban and Housing of Government of Bihar proposed this project including three more cities named Bhagalpur, Gaya and Darbhanga. These are contributing as leading cities in the economy of Bihar, and there is significant population in these cities.

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Education

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Colleges

Schools

Notable people

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Rambriksh Benipuri, freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer
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See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    It is also one of the largest cities in Bihar.

References

External links

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