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National Day (Brunei)
National holiday in Brunei, observed annually on 23 February From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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National Day (Malay: Hari Kebangsaan; Jawi: کبڠساءن هاري) or Independence Day (Hari Kemerdekaan) is the national day of Brunei, commemorating the anniversary of Brunei's proclamation of independence. It was made a national holiday by government decree in 1985.[1] Although Brunei formally proclaimed independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984, it did not celebrate its national day until 23 February.[2]
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History
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Background
In 1888, Brunei signed a deal with the British to come under their protection in order to ensure its own political survival.[3] As piracy and rebellion threatened the internal order of the kingdom and Sarawak's White Rajahs encroached on the borders, Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin petitioned the British government for help to slow the rapid collapse of Brunei's land. The British residency was established in 1906, and Brunei remained under their rule for an additional 53 years. The Constitution Agreement, which abolished the residence requirement and established internal self-government while leaving Britain in charge of defense and foreign policy, was signed with the United Kingdom in 1959, marking the beginning of the country's journey toward independence. The timeframe for independence was established by subsequent treaties with the United Kingdom in 1971 and 1979.[4][3]
1 January 1984
At one minute past midnight on 1 January 1984, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah read the Declaration of Independence:[5]
Whereas, the time has now arrived when Brunei Darussalam will resume full international responsibility as a sovereign and independent nation in the community of nations.
And whereas, via the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the United Kingdom..... Brunei Darussalam's restoration of full independence and the return of full responsibility for defense and foreign affairs to the person of the Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei from HM the Queen has been set to happen on the first day of January of 1984, as agreed upon and under the provisions of said Treaty.
— Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, 1 January 1984
Upon the reading of the proclamation, Omar Ali Saifuddien III, the father of His Majesty, led three cries of "Allahu Akbar" among the 30,000 people gathered at the Padang Besar (present day Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien). After the national anthem Allah Peliharakan Sultan was played, a 21-gun salute was fired to celebrate the event, and the sounds of the hadrah resounded around the field.[3] That evening, the capital Bandar Seri Begawan was packed to the gills with people praying for a smooth handover outside the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque and the field despite the heavy rain.[4][6]
23 February 1984
Notwithstanding the fact that Brunei proclaimed its independence on 1 January, the date for National Day was chosen as 23 February. Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium was chosen as the location for the celebrations.[4][6] The Acting Chief Minister (Menteri Besar), Abdul Aziz, presided over the preparations.[7]
Attendance
Several key figures of the Commonwealth and countries' representatives attended the celebration, such as:[4]
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Themes
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There have been multiple themes used for the celebration of national day such as;[1]
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References
External links
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