Ngangam language

Ngangam or Dye^[2] (Gangam) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Togo and Benin.

Ngangam
Gangam
Native to	Togo, Benin
Ethnicity	Gurma, Dye
Native speakers	200,000 (2012–2021)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Gur Northern Oti–Volta Gurma Ngangam
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Benin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gng
Glottolog	ngan1299

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants^[3]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labial- velar	Glottal
Plosive/Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k	kp	(ʔ)
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	g	gb
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋm
Fricative		f	s				(h)
Approximant			l	j		w

• Reimer uses ⟨c, ɟ, y⟩ in place of /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, j/.^[4]
• /p, b, t, d, k/ are usually aspirated before close vowels.^[5]

Vowels

Vowels^[6]

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Close-mid	e	o
Open-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Open	a

• Ngangam has three vowel lengths—short, long weak, and long strong. The long weak vowels shorten in some cases, while the long strong vowels are always realized as long.^[6]

Tones

Ngangam has three phonemic tones: high, mid, and low.^[4]