Nitratiruptor

Nitratiruptor sp. (strain SB155-2) is a genus of deep sea gram-negative Campylobacterota isolated from Iheya North Hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough (Japan).^[3] This rod-shaped microorganism (0.5 x 1.5 μm) grows chemolithoautotrophically in a wide variety of electron donors and acceptors (i.e. sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrate) in absence of light and oxygen. It is also a thermophilic group capable of growing within the range of 37–65 °C with the optimal at 55 °C.

Nitratiruptor
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Campylobacterota
Class:	Campylobacteria
Order:	Campylobacterales
Family:	Nitratiruptoraceae
Genus:	Nitratiruptor[1] Nakagawa et al. 2005[2]
Type species
Nitratiruptor tergarcus Nakagawa et al. 2005
Species
N. tergarcus

Genetic features

DAPI stained Nitratiruptor cells (SB155-2) growing in laboratory conditions

Nitratiruptor sp. genome is composed by a single circular chromosome of 1,877,931 bp with the GC content of 43.8% and 39.7%.^[4] Due to the geochemical variability in the deep-sea hydrothermal vents, Nitratiruptor sp. displays a metabolic versatility to adapt to this hostile environments which includes sharp gradients in energy sources, electron acceptors or carbon sources. For instance, due to the metal-rich fluids characterizing this areas, a total of 17 genes related with transports systems and detoxification mechanisms of heavy metals (including As, Cd and Cu) were described. Despite this not being a pathogenic bacterium, it possess some virulence genes (including virulence factor mviN, hemolysin or N-linked glycosylation gene cluster) which provide insights into the origins of virulence in their pathogenic relatives, Helicobacter and Campylobacter species.^[5]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[6]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[7][8][9]	120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[10][11][12]
Nitrosophilus alvini Shiotani et al. 2021 (type sp.) Nitratiruptor tergarcus Nakagawa et al. 2005 Nitrosophilus Nitrosophilus labii (Fukushi et al. 2021) Shiotani et al. 2021 Nitrosophilus kaiyonis Fukazawa et al. 2023 species‑group 2	Nitrosophilus alvini Nitratiruptor tergarcus Nitrosophilus Nitrosophilus labii [Nitratiruptor labii] Nitrosophilus kaiyonis species‑group 2

See also

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera