Odontotermes

Odontotermes is a termite genus belonging to subfamily Macrotermitinae (fungus-growing termites), which is native to the Old World. They are most destructive in wooden homes,^[1] and are agricultural pests in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia.^[2] It is the most diverse termite genus in Africa, with 78 species recorded (as of 2002).^[3]

Odontotermes
The alate, soldier, minor worker and queen of O. horni
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Blattodea
Infraorder:	Isoptera
Family:	Termitidae
Subfamily:	Macrotermitinae
Genus:	Odontotermes Holmgren, 1912

Nests

Their underground nests form a slight mound above ground, which may be covered in grass.^[1] In large colonies, the mounds may be up to 6 m (20 ft) in diameter, and may be covered by shrubs and trees. Some species construct open chimneys or vent holes that descend into the mound. The fungal garden is enveloped by a thick layer of clay.^[1]

Castes

The queen lives in a clay cell in the midst of the fungal garden at the center of the hive. The African species have a single soldier caste, unlike the related genus Macrotermes.

Alarmed soldier termites of Odontotermes badius Haviland 1898 expel an odoriferous brown defensive secretion between their mandibles that becomes sticky and rubbery on exposure to air. The secretion is a mixture of benzoquinone and protein.^[4]

Food

Their only food is the fungus grown in the fungal garden at the center of the nest. The fungus is cultivated on a substrate of wood, bark, leaf litter, dry dung, and dead grass.^[1] These are plastered with cement where they are obtained, which facilitates diurnal foraging. Odontotermes species are major contributors to litter decomposition.^[2] The fungus Termitomyces reticulatus is found in association with O. badius and O. transvaalensis in Africa.^[5]

Species

Species include:

• Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren, 1913 – South Asia
• Odontotermes badius (Haviland, 1898) – Africa
• Odontotermes ceylonicus (Wasmann, 1902) – South Asia
• Odontotermes escherichi Holmgren, 1911 – South Asia
• Odontotermes feae (Wasmann, 1896) – South Asia
• Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) – South Asia
• Odontotermes globicola (Wasmann, 1902) – South Asia
• Odontotermes horni (Wasmann, 1902) – South Asia
• Odontotermes koenigi (Desneux, 1906) – South Asia
• Odontotermes latericius (Haviland, 1898) – Africa
• Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) – South Asia
• Odontotermes preliminaris (Holmgren, 1911) – South Asia
• Odontotermes redemanni (Wasmann, 1893) – South Asia
• Odontotermes taprobanes (Walker, 1853) – South Asia
• Odontotermes transvaalensis (Sjöstedt, 1902) – Africa
• Odontotermes wallonensis Wasmann – South Asia

Gallery

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  O. badius worker
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  Cement plastered over tree bark
• 
  Workers foraging on tree bark under cement
• 
  Workers in ventilation tunnel