OpenNIC
Organization From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
OpenNIC (also referred to as the OpenNIC Project) is a user-owned and -controlled[1][2] top-level Network Information Center that offers a non-national alternative to traditional top-level domain (TLD) registries such as ICANN.[2] As of January 2017, OpenNIC recognizes and peers all existing ICANN TLDs, for compatibility reasons. However, OpenNIC has not yet evaluated and does not hold a formal position on future ICANN TLDs.[3]
| |
| Founded | June 1, 2000 |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Provides a non-national alternative to the traditional Top-Level Domain registries. OpenNIC is a user-owned and -controlled Network Information Center. |
| Website | servers |
In addition to resolving hostnames in the ICANN root, OpenNIC also resolves hostnames in OpenNIC-operated namespaces, as well as within namespaces with which peering agreements have been established.[3] Some OpenNIC recursive servers (Tier 2 servers) are known for their high speeds and low latency, relative to other more widely used DNS recursors,[4] as well as their anonymizing or no-logging policies.[5][6] Many servers offer DNSCrypt. Community volunteers operate Tier 2 servers across a multitude of geographic locations.
Like all alternative root DNS systems, OpenNIC-hosted domains are unreachable to the vast majority of Internet users because they require a non-default configuration in one's DNS resolver.
History
On June 1, 2000, an article was posted on kuro5hin.org advocating a democratically governed domain name system.[7] The first OpenNIC servers went into operation July of that year.
OpenNIC TLDs
Summarize
Perspective
OpenNIC namespaces
These TLDs are currently served by OpenNIC and were constructed with the approval of the OpenNIC community.[8]
| Name | Intended use | Date introduced | Restrictions | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .bbs | Bulletin Board System servers, and related BBS websites and services | 2000-12-29 | Domain must provide BBS type services.[9] | Manual Registration | |
| .chan | A Top Level Domain "for imageboards and communities related to imageboard culture"[10] | 2015-10-21 | Active | ||
| .cyb | Cyberpunk-related content | 2017-08-14 | Active | ||
| .dyn | Dynamic DNS pointers | 2014-05-30 | Only A, AAAA, RP and TXT records can be modified. | Unused domains are removed after 28 days. | Active |
| .epic | General purpose domain for anything of an "epic" nature | 2019-09-03 | Active | ||
| .free | Organizations that encourage the non-commercial use of the Free Internet | Non-commercial use only. No new registrations accepted.[11] | Moved to .libre following ICANN addition of .free.[11] Currently still resolving. | Dropped | |
| .geek | Anything of a personal or hobbyist nature that would be considered "geeky" | 2008-02-18 | Active | ||
| .gopher | Content delivery via the gopher protocol | Must serve content via the gopher protocol. | Active | ||
| .indy | Independent media and arts | Active | |||
| .libre | Organizations that encourage the non-commercial use of the Free Internet | 2017-01-03 | Non-commercial use only | Successor to .free after the introduction of .free on the ICANN namespace[11] | Active |
| .neo | General purpose | Usage should lean towards themes present in the 'emo subculture'[12] | Manual Registration | ||
| .null | Miscellaneous | Non-commercial use only. Only natural people may hold a .null domain.[13] | Active | ||
| .o | General purpose[14][15] | 2016-11-28[16] | Prohibits domain squatting and spam usage.[15] | Active[17] | |
| .oss | Open Source Software | Active | |||
| .oz | Australian websites (alt-ccTLD) | 2012-06-11 | Active | ||
| .parody | Parody websites | Non-commercial use only | Active | ||
| .pirate[18] | Internet Freedom and sharing | Active |
Peering agreements
OpenNIC provides resolution for selecting other alternative DNS roots.[19]
| Name | Intended use | Date Introduced | Notes | Peer Authority | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .bazar | free marketplace | Emercoin | Active | ||
| .bit | Namecoin systems, websites and services | Depeered due to disagreements between the OpenNIC and Namecoin projects.[20] | Namecoin | Dropped | |
| .coin | digital currency and commerce websites | Emercoin | Active | ||
| .emc | websites associated with the Emercoin project | Emercoin | Active | ||
| .fur | Furries, Furry Fandom and other Anthropormorphic interest websites[21] | 2003-11-?[22] | Originally an OpenNIC TLD,[22] now operated by FurNIC.[23] | FurNIC | Active |
| .ku | Kurdish people | New Nations | Active | ||
| .lib | From Words Library and Liberty - that is, knowledge and freedom | Emercoin | Active | ||
| .te | Tamil Eelam | New Nations | Active | ||
| .ti | Tibet | New Nations | Active | ||
| .uu | Uyghur people | New Nations | Active |
New Nations
New Nations provides TLDs for nation-states that are not recognized by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard, and therefore haven't received their own ccTLD. Currently they provide .ku (Kurdish people), .te (Tamil Eelam), .ti (Tibet), and .uu (Uyghur people).[24]
FurNIC
FurNIC aims to bring a unique identity to Furries, Furry Fandom, and other Anthropomorphic interest websites across the internet. FurNIC and OpenNIC work closely with .fur (Furry fandom) generally being treated as part of OpenNIC for most purposes rather than as a separate peer entity.[21]
Emercoin
On January 15, 2015, domains registered in Emercoin's blockchain became accessible to all users of OpenNIC DNS.[25] Emercoin DNS supports the domain zones .bazar, .coin, .emc, .lib, .ness and .sky. However, Emercoin DNS records can be registered/maintained within the Emercoin software and not as part of OpenNIC's management system.[26]
Technical zones
OpenNIC operates some special-use TLDs, which are meant for technical or organizational purposes.
| Name | Intended use | Restrictions | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .opennic.glue[2] | Provides hostnames for Tier 1 DNS servers and organizational websites and services.[citation needed] | Domains cannot be registered. Domains are granted to each Tier 1 server operator or upon approval of the OpenNIC community. | Example: "ns2.opennic.glue" | Active |
| .dns.opennic.glue | Provides hostnames for Tier 2 DNS servers on the OpenNIC network.[27] | Domains cannot be registered. Domains are automatically created upon the approval of a Tier 2 server. | Example: "ns1.any.dns.opennic.glue" | Active |
Suspended peering
Namecoin
In July 2019, the OpenNIC community voted 13-2 for dropping support for .bit domains due to them "being used as malware hubs" as a result of their "anonymous nature".[28] A similar proposal was made in December 2018 but it did not reach the voting stage.[29]
Until then, OpenNIC resolved .bit (Namecoin) domains through the use of a centralized server which generated a DNS zone from the Namecoin blockchain.[30] Access was provided through a Tier 1 server which bridges the OpenNIC system and Namecoin.[31] Some OpenNIC DNS servers made use of a Spamhaus-maintained blocklist of malicious .bit domains.[32][33][34]
See also
References
External links
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