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Ornithodoros
Genus of arachnids in the soft-bodied tick family, Argasidae. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ornithodoros is a genus in the soft-bodied tick family, Argasidae. It is distinguished from other genera in the family by the absence of a lateral 'suture' line.[2] It is the largest genus within Argasidae, consisting of approximately 130 species.[3] Ornithodoros ticks are parasitic associates of shelter-seeking vertebrates, such as mammals, birds and reptiles.[4]
Prior to its reclassification in 1844, the genus Ornithodoros was described under the genus Argas.[4]
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Physiology
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The opening between the midgut and hindgut has been lost, preventing these ticks from excreting digestive waste products from their bodies.[6]
Habitat
The genus Ornithodoros have been documented worldwide, with the highest occurrence in the Paleartic realm.[4]
Life Cycle
The life cycle of all species of Ornithodoros is parasitic and relies on one or multiple hosts,[7] most of which are shelter-seeking vertebrates, and can also parasitize humans.[8] Mating and moulting occur in close proximity to sites frequented by the hosts, such as nests.[7] Once a larvae hatches, it seeks out a host for its first meal of blood. After feeding for several hours to days, it detaches and molts into a nymph. The nymph will then reattach to a host and repeat the cycle for up to seven instars. Once it reaches adulthood, it continues to feed on the hosts multiple times.
Some Ornithodoros species can reproduce multiple times and may also exhibit autogeny.[9] The life span of some species may extend up to ten years.[9]
Disease
Due to their status as obligate hematophages, Ornithodoros ticks are constantly exposed to blood-borne pathogens.[10] When feeding on a host, small amounts of their saliva may enter the host and transmit infections. Ornithodoros is commonly recognized as a vector for tick-borne relapsing fever.[7] In addition to transmitting bacteria such as Borrelia, it is also responsible for causing relapsing fever.[8] Species of Ornithodoros are also known to transmit the African Swine Fever Virus,[11] which causes African swine fever in pigs or other closely related animals such as wild boars.[11]
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Taxonomy
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The Linnean name derives from ornithos (Greek: ὄρνιθος) and doros (Greek: Δωρόν), meaning "bird" and "gift", respectively.
It contains these species:[1]
- Ornithodoros alactagalis Issaakjan, 1936
- †Ornithodoros antiquus Poinar, 1995
- Ornithodoros apertus Walton, 1962
- Ornithodoros arenicolous Hoogstraal, 1953
- Ornithodoros asperus Warburton, 1918
- Ornithodoros atacamensis Muñoz-Leal, Venzal & González-Acuña, 2016[12]
- Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923
- Ornithodoros cholodkovskyi Pavlovsky, 1930
- Ornithodoros compactus Walton, 1962
- Ornithodoros coniceps Canestrini, 1890
- Ornithodoros costalis Diatta, Bouattour, Durand, Renaud & Trape, 2013[13]
- Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch, 1844
- Ornithodoros eremicus Cooley & Kohls, 1941
- Ornithodoros faccinii Barros-Battesti, Landulfo & Luz, 2015[14]
- Ornithodoros furcosus Neumann, 1908
- Ornithodoros graingeri Heisch & Guggisberg, 1953
- Ornithodoros grenieri Klein, 1965
- Ornithodoros gurneyi Warburton, 1926
- Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler, Herms & Meyer, 1935
- Ornithodoros indica Rau & Rao, 1971
- Ornithodoros kairouanensis Trape, Diatta, Bouattour, Durand & Renaud, 2013[13]
- Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls, 1941
- Ornithodoros knoxjonesi Jones & Clifford, 1972
- Ornithodoros lahillei Venzal, González-Acuña & Nava, 2015[15]
- Ornithodoros macmillani (Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1966)
- Ornithodoros madagascariensis Hoogstraal, 1962
- Ornithodoros marocanus Velu, 1919
- Ornithodoros merionesi Trape, Diatta, Belghyti, Sarih, Durand & Renaud, 2013[13]
- Ornithodoros moubata (Murray, 1877)
- Ornithodoros nattereri Warburton, 1927
- Ornithodoros nicollei Mooser, 1932
- Ornithodoros normandi Larrousse, 1923 [16]
- Ornithodoros occidentalis Trape, Diatta, Durand & Renaud, 2013[13]
- Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, 1936
- Ornithodoros porcinus Walton, 1962
- Ornithodoros procaviae Theodor & Costa, 1960
- Ornithodoros quilinensis Venzal, Nava, Mangold, Mastropaolo, Casás & Guglielmone, 2012[17]
- Ornithodoros rietcorreai Labruna, Nava & Venzal, 2016[18]
- Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911
- Ornithodoros rupestris Trape, Bitam, Renaud & Durand, 2013[13]
- Ornithodoros saraivai Muñoz-Leal & Labruna, 2017[19]
- Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827)
- Ornithodoros sawaii Kitaoka & Suzuki, 1973[20]
- Ornithodoros sonrai Sautet & Witkowski, 1943
- Ornithodoros steini (Schulze, 1935)
- Ornithodoros tartakovskyi Olenev, 1931 [21]
- Ornithodoros tholozani Laboulbène & Mégnin, 1882
- Ornithodoros transversus (Banks, 1902)
- Ornithodoros turicata (Dugès, 1876)
- Ornithodoros xerophylus Venzal, Mangold & Nava, 2015[15]
- Ornithodoros zumpti Heisch & Guggisberg, 1953
Carios erraticus was previously placed in this genus, as Ornithodoros erraticus.
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References
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