Osamu Dazai

Japanese author (1909–1948) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Osamu Dazai

Shūji Tsushima (津島 修治, Tsushima Shūji, 19 June 1909 – 13 June 1948), known by his pen name Osamu Dazai (太宰 治, Dazai Osamu), was a Japanese novelist and author.[1] A number of his most popular works, such as The Setting Sun (斜陽, Shayō) and No Longer Human (人間失格, Ningen Shikkaku), are considered modern classics.[2]

Quick Facts Born, Died ...
Osamu Dazai
太宰 治
Dazai in 1948
Born
Shūji Tsushima

(1909-06-19)June 19, 1909
DiedJune 13, 1948(1948-06-13) (aged 38)
Cause of deathDouble suicide with Tomie Yamazaki by drowning
EducationHirosaki Higher School
Tokyo Imperial University
Occupation(s)Novelist, short story writer
Notable work
MovementI-Novel, Buraiha
Japanese name
Kanji太宰 治
Hiraganaだざい おさむ
Transcriptions
RomanizationDazai Osamu
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His influences include Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Murasaki Shikibu and Fyodor Dostoyevsky. His last book, No Longer Human, is his most popular work outside of Japan.

Another pseudonym he used was Shunpei Kuroki (黒木 舜平), for the book Illusion of the Cliffs (断崖の錯覚, Dangai no Sakkaku).

Early life

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Dazai in a high school yearbook photo

Shūji Tsushima was born on June 19, 1909, the eighth surviving child of a wealthy landowner[3] and politician[1] in Kanagi, located at the northern tip of the Tōhoku Region, in Aomori Prefecture. He was the tenth of the eleven children born to his parents. At the time of his birth, the huge, newly completed Tsushima mansion, where he spent his early years, was home to some thirty family members.[4] The Tsushima family was of obscure peasant origins. Dazai's great-grandfather built up the family's wealth as a moneylender, and his son increased it further. They quickly rose in power and, after some time, became highly respected across the region.[5]

Dazai's father, Gen'emon, was a younger son of the Matsuki family, which, due to "its exceedingly 'feudal' tradition," had no use for sons other than the eldest son and heir. As a result, Gen'emon was adopted into the Tsushima family to marry the eldest daughter, Tane. He became involved in politics due to his position as one of the four wealthiest landowners in the prefecture, and was offered membership of the House of Peers.[5] This caused Dazai's father to be absent during much of his early childhood. As his mother, Tane, was ill,[6] Dazai was brought up mostly by the family's servants and his aunt Kiye.[7]

Education and literary beginnings

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In 1916, Dazai began his education at Kanagi Elementary.[8] On March 4, 1923, his father Gen'emon died from lung cancer.[9] A month later, in April, Dazai moved to Aomori Junior High School,[10] followed in 1927 by Hirosaki Higher School, a university preparatory school.[11] He developed an interest in Edo culture and began studying gidayū, a form of chanted narration used in bunraku.[12] Around 1928, Dazai edited a series of student publications and contributed some of his own works. He also published a magazine called Saibō Bungei (Cell Literature) with his friends, and subsequently became a staff member of the college's newspaper.[13]

Dazai's success in writing was brought to a halt when his idol, the writer Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, committed suicide in 1927 at 35 years old. Dazai started to neglect his studies, and spent the majority of his allowance on clothes, alcohol, and prostitutes. He also dabbled in Marxism, which at the time was heavily suppressed by the government.

On the night of December 10, 1929, Dazai made his first suicide attempt, but survived and was able to graduate the following year. In 1930, he enrolled in the French Literature Department of Tokyo Imperial University, but promptly stopped studying again. In October, he ran away with a geisha named Hatsuyo Oyama [ja] and was formally disowned by his family.

Nine days after he was expelled from Tokyo Imperial University, Dazai attempted suicide by drowning off a beach in Kamakura with another woman, a 19-year-old bar hostess named Shimeko Tanabe [ja]. Tanabe died, but Dazai lived. He was rescued by the crew of a fishing boat, and was charged as an accomplice in Tanabe's death. Shocked by the events, Dazai's family intervened to stop the police investigation. His allowance was reinstated, and he was released without any charges. In December, he recovered at Ikarigaseki and married Hatsuyo there.[14]

Leftist movement

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In 1929, when the principal of Hirosaki High School was found to have misappropriated public funds, the students, under the leadership of Ueda Shigehiko (Ishigami Genichiro), leader of the Social Science Study Group, staged a five-day strike, which resulted in the principal's resignation and no disciplinary action against the students. Dazai hardly participated in the strike, but in imitation of the proletarian literature in vogue at the time, he summarized the incident in a novel called Student Group and read it to Ueda. The Tsushima family was wary of Dazai's leftist activities. On January 16 of the following year, the Special High Police arrested Ueda and nine other students of the Hiroko Institute of Social Studies, who were working as activists for Seigen Tanaka's Communist Party.

In college, Dazai met activist Eizo Kudo, and made a monthly financial contribution of ten yen to the Japanese Communist Party. He was expelled from his family after his marriage to Hatsuyo Oyama in order to prevent any association of his illegal activities with his brother Bunji, who was a politician. After his marriage, Dazai was ordered to hide his sympathies and moved repeatedly. In July 1932, Bunji tracked him down, and had him turn himself in at the Aomori Police Station. In December, Dazai signed and sealed a pledge at the Aomori Prosecutor's Office to completely withdraw from leftist activities.[15][16]

Early literary career

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Dazai in 1928

Dazai kept his promise and settled down. He managed to obtain the assistance of Masuji Ibuse, an established writer whose connections helped him get his works published and establish his reputation. The next few years were productive for Dazai. He wrote at a feverish pace and used the pen name "Osamu Dazai" for the first time in a short story called "Ressha" ("列車", "Train"), published in 1933. This story was his first experiment with the I-novel form that later became his trademark.[17]

In 1935 it started to become clear to Dazai that he would not graduate. He also failed to obtain a job at a Tokyo newspaper. He finished The Final Years (Bannen), which was intended to be his farewell to the world, and tried to hang himself on March 19, 1935, failing yet again. Less than three weeks later, he developed acute appendicitis and was hospitalized. In the hospital, he became addicted to Pavinal, a morphine-based painkiller. After fighting the addiction for a year, in October 1936 he was taken to a mental institution,[18] locked in a room and forced to quit cold turkey. The treatment lasted over a month.

During this time Dazai's wife Hatsuyo committed adultery with his best friend Zenshirō Kodate.[citation needed] This eventually came to light, and Dazai attempted to commit shinjū (joint suicide) with his wife. They both took sleeping pills, but neither died. Soon after, Dazai divorced Hatsuyo. He quickly remarried, this time to a middle school teacher named Michiko Ishihara (石原美知子). Their first daughter, Sonoko (園子), was born in June 1941.

The year before last I was expelled from my family and, reduced to poverty overnight, was left to wander the streets, begging help for various quarters, barely managing to stay alive from one day to the next, and just when I'd begun to think I might be able to support myself with my writing, I came down with a serious illness. Thanks to the compassion of others, I was able to rent a small house in Funabashi, Chiba, next to the muddy sea, and spent the summer there alone, convalescing. Though battling an illness that each and every night left my robe literally drenched with sweat, I had no choice but to press ahead with my work. The cold half pint of milk I drank each morning was the only thing that gave me a certain peculiar sense of the joy in life; my mental anguish and exhaustion were such that the oleanders blooming in one corner of the garden appeared to me merely flicking tongues of flame...

Seascape with Figures in Gold (1939), Osamu Dazai, trans. Ralph F. McCarthy (1992)[19]

In the 1930s and 1940s, Dazai wrote a number of novels and short stories that are autobiographical in nature. His first story, Gyofukuki (魚服記, "Transformation", 1933), is a grim fantasy involving suicide. Other stories written during this period include Dōke no hana (道化の花, "Flowers of Buffoonery", 1935), Gyakkō (逆行, "Losing Ground", 1935), Kyōgen no kami (狂言の神, "The God of Farce", 1936), an epistolary novel called Kyokō no Haru (虚構の春, False Spring, 1936) and thr stories in the collection Bannen (1936; Declining Years or The Final Years), which describe his sense of personal isolation and his debauchery.

Wartime years

Japan widened the Pacific War by attacking the United States in December 1941, but Dazai was excused from the draft because of his chronic chest problems, as he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. The censors became more reluctant to accept his work, but he managed to publish anyway. A number of the stories that he published during the war are retellings of stories by Ihara Saikaku (1642–1693). Dazai's wartime works include Udaijin Sanetomo (右大臣実朝, "Minister of the Right Sanetomo", 1943), Tsugaru (1944), Pandora no Hako (パンドラの匣, Pandora's Box, 1945–46), and Otogizōshi (お伽草紙, Fairy Tales, 1945) in which he retells a number of Japanese fairy tales.

Dazai's house was burned down twice in the American bombing of Tokyo, but his family escaped unscathed and gained a son, Masaki (正樹), who was born in 1944. His third child, his daughter Satoko (里子), who later became a writer under the pseudonym Yūko Tsushima, was born in May 1947.

Postwar career

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Dazai in 1947–1948

In the immediate postwar period, Dazai reached the height of his popularity. He depicted a dissolute life in postwar Tokyo in Viyon no Tsuma (ヴィヨンの妻, "Villon's Wife", 1947), depicting the wife of a poet who had abandoned her and her continuing will to live through hardships.

In 1946, Dazai published a controversial memoir, "Kuno no Nenkan" (Almanac of Pain), in which he describes the immediate aftermath of Japan's defeat and seeks to encapsulate how the Japanese felt at the time. Dazai reaffirmed his loyalty to the Japanese Emperor, Emperor Hirohito and his son Akihito. However, Dazai also expressed his Communist beliefs in this memoir. Dazai also wrote Jugonenkan (For Fifteen Years), another autobiographical piece.[20]

On December 14, 1946, a group of writers that included Dazai was joined by Yukio Mishima for dinner at a restaurant.[21] The latter recalled that on that occasion, he gave vent to his dislike of Dazai. According to a later statement by Mishima:[22]

The disgust in which I hold Dazai's literature is in some way ferocious. First, I dislike his face. Second, I dislike his rustic preference for urban sophistication. Third, I dislike the fact that he played roles that were not appropriate for him.[21]

Other participants at the dinner could not remember if events occurred as Mishima described. They did report that he did not enjoy Dazai's "clowning" and that he and Dazai had a dispute about Ōgai Mori, a writer whom Mishima admired.[23]

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Tomie Yamazaki, Dazai's last lover

In July 1947, Dazai's novel Shayo (The Setting Sun, translated 1956) was published. It depicts the decline of the Japanese nobility after the war. It was partly based on the diary of Shizuko Ōta (太田静子), an admirer of Dazai's work who first met him in 1941. The pair had a daughter, Haruko, (治子) in 1947.

A heavy drinker, Dazai became an alcoholic[24] and his health deteriorated rapidly. At this time he met Tomie Yamazaki (山崎富栄), a beautician whose husband had been killed in the war after just ten days of marriage. Dazai abandoned his wife and children and moved in with Tomie.

Dazai began writing his novel No Longer Human (人間失格 Ningen Shikkaku, 1948) at the hot-spring resort in Atami. He then moved to Ōmiya with Tomie and stayed there until mid-May 1948, finishing his novel. A quasi-autobiography, it depicts a self-destructive young man who believes that he is disqualified from being human.[25] The book has been translated into several foreign languages.

In the spring of 1948, Dazai worked on Goodbye, a novella scheduled to be serialized in the Asahi Shimbun. It was never finished.

Death

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Dazai and Tomie's bodies discovered in 1948

On June 13, 1948, Dazai and Tomie drowned themselves in the rain-swollen Tamagawa Canal, near his house. Their bodies were not discovered until six days later, on June 19, which would have been his 39th birthday. His grave is at the temple of Zenrin-ji, in Mitaka, Tokyo.

At the time, there was a lot of speculation about the incident. Keikichi Nakahata, a kimono merchant who frequented the young Tsushima family, was shown the scene of the suicide by a detective from Mitaka police station. He speculated that "Dazai was asked to die, and he simply agreed, but just before his death, he suddenly felt an obsession with life."[26]

Works

More information Japanese title [Romaji], English title ...
Works
Japanese title [Romaji]English titlePublishing yearTranslator
ア、秋 [A, Aki]A. Autumn1939
愛と美について [Ai to bi ni tsuite]About Love and Beauty1939
老ハイデルベルヒ [Alt-Heidelberg]Alt-Heidelberg1940
雨の玉川心中 [Ame no Tamagawa shinjū]Rain at Tamagawa - Double Suicide
兄たち [Anitachi]My Older Brothers1940McCarthy; O'Brien
青森 [Aomori]Aomori1941
或る忠告 [Aru chūkoku]Advice1942
朝 [Asa]Morning1947Brudnoy and Yumi
あさましきもの [Asamashiki mono]Something Regrettable1937
新しい形の個人主義 [Atarashii katachi no kojin shugi]A New Form of Individualism1980
「晩年」と「女生徒」 ["Bannen" to "Joseito"]"The Last Years" and "Schoolgirl"1948
「晩年」に就いて ["Bannen" ni tsuite]About "The Final Years“1936
美男子と煙草 [Bidanshi to tabako]Handsome Devils and Cigarettes1948McCarthy
美少女 [Bishōjo]A Little Beauty1939McCarthy
眉山 [Bizan]Bizan1948
チャンス [Chansu]Chance1946
父 [Chichi]The Father1947Brudnoy and Yumi
小さいアルバム [Chiisai arubamu]The Little Album1942
畜犬談 —伊馬鵜平君に与える— [Chikukendan - Ima Uhei-kun ni ataeru -]Canis familiaris1939McCarthy
竹青 [Chikusei]Blue Bamboo1945McCarthy
地球図 [Chikyūzu]Chikyūzu (or World’s Map)1935
千代女 [Chiyojo]Chiyojo1941Dunlop
地図 [Chizu]The Map1925
大恩は語らず [Daion wa katarazu]A Great Favour is Not Expressed1954
断崖の錯覚 [Dangai no sakkaku]Illusion of the Cliffs1934
檀君の近業について [Dan-kun no kingyō ni tsuite]About the Latest Works by Dan-kun1937
男女同権 [Danjo dōken]Gender Equality1946
誰 [Dare]Who1941
誰も知らぬ [Dare mo shiranu]Nobody Knows1940
ダス・ゲマイネ [Dasu Gemaine]Das Gemeine1935O'Brien
デカダン抗議 [Dekadan kōgi]Decadent Protest1939
貪婪禍 [Donranka]The Scourge of Greed1940
道化の華 [Dōke no hana]The Flowers of Buffoonery1935
炎天汗談 [Enten kandan]Bottomless Hell1942
フォスフォレッスセンス [Fosuforessensu]The Pitiable Mosquitoes1947
富嶽百景 [Fugaku hyakkei]One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji1939McCarthy
富士に就いて [Fuji ni tsuite]About Mount Fuji1938
服装に就いて [Fukusō ni tsuite]About Clothing1941O'Brien
不審庵 [Fushin'an]Doubtful Retreat1943
冬の花火 [Fuyu no hanabi]Winter Fireworks1946
玩具 [Gangu]Toys1935O'Brien
芸術ぎらい [Geijutsu girai]Dislike of Art1944
義務 [Gimu]Duty1940
五所川原 [Goshogawara]Goshogawara1941
グッド・バイ [Guddo Bai]Goodbye1948Marshall
逆行 [Gyakkō]Losing Ground1935
魚服記 [Gyofukuki]Metamorphosis1933O'Brien
魚服記に就て [Gyofukuki ni tsuite]About the Story of Fish and Clothing1933
葉 [Ha]Leaves1934Gangloff
母 [Haha]Mother1947Brudnoy and Yumi
八十八夜 [Hachijūhachiya]The 88th Day1939
恥 [Haji]Shame1942Dunlop
薄明 [Hakumei]Early Light1946McCarthy
花火 [Hanabi]Fireworks1929
花吹雪 [Hanafubuki]Falling Blossoms1944
犯人 [Hannin]The Criminal1948
春 [Haru]Spring1980
春の枯葉 [Haru no kareha]Dry Leaves in Spring1946
春の盗賊 [Haru no tōzoku]A Burglar in Spring1940
春夫と旅行できなかつた話 [Haruo to ryokō dekinakatsuta hanashi]The Story of How I Couldn't Travel with Haruo
走ラヌ名馬 [Hashiranu meiba]The Unrunning Thoroughbred1980
走れメロス [Hashire Merosu]Run, Melos!1940McCarthy; O'Brien
葉桜と魔笛 [Hazakura to mateki]Cherry Blossoms and the Magic Flute1939
碧眼托鉢 [Hekigan takuhatsu]The Blue-eyed Pilgrim1936
返事 [Henji]Reply1980
皮膚と心 [Hifu to kokoro]Skin and Heart1939
火の鳥 [Hi no tori]The Phoenix1939
一つの約束 [Hitotsu no yakusoku]One Promise1944
一問一答 [Ichimon ittō]Questions and Answers1942
陰火 [Inka]Inka (Will-o'-the-Wisp)1936
田舎者 [Inakamono]The Country Bumpkin1980
一歩前進二歩退却 [Ippo zenshin nippo taikyaku]One Step Forward, Two Steps Back1938
弱者の糧 [Jakusha no kate]Food for the Weak1980
人物に就いて [Jinbutsu ni tsuite]About Characters1936
自作を語る [Jisaku wo kataru]Talking About My Work1980
自信の無さ [Jishin no nasa]Lack of Confidence1940
女類 [Jorui]Women1948
女生徒 [Joseito]Schoolgirl1939Powell
十五年間 [Jūgonenkan]For Fifteen Years1946
十二月八日 [Jūnigatsu yōka]December 8th1942
純真 [Junshin]Innocence1980
貨幣 [Kahei]Currency1946O'Brien
佳日 [Kajitsu]Happy Day1944
駈込み訴え [Kakekomi uttae]Heed My Plea1940O'Brien
かくめい [Kakumei]Revolution1948
鴎 [Kamome]Seagull1940
【関連作品】([Kanren sakuhin])Related Works
彼は昔の彼ならず [Kare wa mukashi no kare narazu]He Is Not the Man He Used to Be1934
花燭 [Kashoku]Wedding Torches1939
かすかな声 [Kasukana koe]A Faint Voice1940
家庭の幸福 [Katei no kōfuku]Domestic Happiness1939
川端康成へ [Kawabata Yasunari e]To Yasunari Kawabata1935
革財布 [kawa saifu]Leather Wallet
風の便り [Kaze no tayori]News on the Wind1941
喝采 [Kessai]Applause1936
帰去来 [Kikyorai]Going Home1943Lyons
金錢の話 [Kinsen no hanashi]A Story About Money1943
禁酒の心 [Kinshu no kokoro]The Heart of a Teetotaller1943
きりぎりす [Kirigirisu]Cricket1940
校長三代 [Kōchō sandai]Three Generations of Principals1939
乞食学生 [kojiki gakusei]The Beggar Student1940Sam Bett
心の王者 [Kokoro no ōja]The King of the Heart1940
故郷 [Kokyō]Homecoming1943O'Brien
このごろ [Kono goro]Lately1940
困惑の弁 [Konwaku no ben]A Plea of Confusion
古典風 [Kotenfū]In Classical Style1940
古典竜頭蛇尾 [Koten ryūtō dabi]Classical Dragon Head and Snake Tail1936
九月十月十一月 [Kugatsu jūgatsu jūichigatsu]September, October, November1938
國技館 (くにわざかん) [Kuni-waza-kann]National Sumo Arena1940
苦悩の年鑑 [Kunō no nenkan]Almanac of Pain1946Lyons
黒石の人たち [Kuroishi no hitotachi]The People of Kuroishi
狂言の神 [Kyōgen no kami]The God of Farce1936
虚構の春 [Kyokō no haru]False Spring1936
饗応夫人 [Kyōō fujin]The Hospitable Lady1948
郷愁 [Kyōshū]Nostalgia
満願 [Mangan]Complete Satisfaction1938Brudnoy and Kazuko; McCarthy
待つ [Matsu]Waiting1942Brudnoy and Kazuko; Turvill; O'Brien
女神 [Megami]The Goddess1947
めくら草紙 [Mekura zōshi]The Blind Scroll1936
メリイクリスマス [Merii Kurisumasu]Merry Christmas1947McCarthy
雌に就いて [Mesu ni tsuite]Female1947McCarthy
未帰還の友に [Mikikan no tomo ni]To an Unreturned Friend1944
みみずく通信 [Mimizuku tsūshin]The Owl Newspaper1941
男女川と羽左衛門 [Minanogawa to Uzaemon]The River and Uzaemon1935
盲人独笑 [Mōjin Dokushō]The Blind Man's Laughter
文盲自嘲 [Monmō jichō]The Illiterate's Laughter
悶悶日記 [Monmon nikki]Tormented Diary
もの思う葦 [Monoomouashi]A Thinking Reed
無題 [Mudai]Untitled
無趣味 [Mushumi]Lack of Interest
二十世紀旗手 [Nijūseiki kishu]A Standard-bearer of the Twentieth Century1937
「人間キリスト記」その他 ["Ningen kirisuto ki" sonota]"Reports on Christ" and Others1940
人間失格 [Ningen Shikkaku]No Longer Human1948Keene; Gibeau; Carpenter
庭 [Niwa]The Garden1946McCarthy
如是我聞 [Nyoze Gamon]Thus Have I Heard1948
女人訓戒 [Nyonin kunkai]Advice for Women
女人創造 [Nyonin sōzō]Woman's Creation
織田君の死 [Oda kun no shi]The Death of Oda-kun
緒方氏を殺した者 [Ogata shi wo koroshita mono]The Murderer of Mr. Ogata1937
黄金風景 [Ōgon fūkei]Golden Landscape1941Dunlop; McCarthy
思ひ出 [Omohide]Memories1933Dunlop; Lyons; O'Brien
同じ星 [Onaji hoshi]The Same Star
女の決闘 [Onna no ketto]Women's Duel1940
おさん [Osan]Osan1947O'Brien
おしゃれ童子 [Oshare doji]The Stylish Child1939
黄村先生言行録 [Ōson sensei genkōroku]Mr. Oson's Records1943
桜桃 [Ōtō]Cherries1948McCarthy
お伽草紙 [Otogizōshi]Fairy Tales1945O'Brien[27]
音に就いて [oto ni tsuite]About Sound1942
親という二字 [Oya to iu niji]The Word "Parents"
パウロの混乱 [Pauro no konran]Paul's Confusion
パンドラの匣 [Pandora no hako]Pandora's Box1945
懶惰の歌留多 [Randanokaruta]The Lazy Game of Cards1939
ラロシフコー [Raroshifukō]La Rochefoucauld1935
令嬢アユ [Reijō Ayu]Miss Ayu1934
列車 [Ressha]The Train1933McCarthy
リイズ [Riizu]Liz1940
六月十九日 [Rokugatsu jūkunichi]June 19th1946
ロマネスク [Romanesuku]Romance1934
ろまん燈籠 [Romantōrō]The Romantic Lantern1947
律子と貞子 [Ritsuko to Sadako]Ritsuko and Sadako1942
佐渡 [Sado]Sado1941
砂子屋 [Sagoya]The Sandman1941
最後の太閤 [saigo no taikō]The Last Taikō1945
酒ぎらい [sake girai]The Teetotaler1935
酒の追憶 [sake no tsuioku]Memories of Alcohol1940
作家の手帖 [Sakka no techō]The Writer's Notebook1946
作家の像 [sakka no zō]The Writer's Portrait1943
三月三十日 [sangatsu san jū nichi]March 30th1943
散華 [Sange]Fallen Flowers1945Swann
猿ヶ島 [Sarugashima]The Monkey Island1935O'Brien
猿面冠者 [Sarumen kanja]The Monkey-faced Man1942
正義と微笑 [Seigi to bisho]Righteousness and Smiles1942
清貧譚 [seihin tan]The Story of Poverty1936
政治家と家庭 [Seijika to katei]The Politician and the Family1943
世界的 [Sekai-teki]Worldly1935
惜別 [Sekibetsu]Regretful Parting1945
赤心 [sekishin]Sincerity1941
先生三人 [Sensei sannin]Three Teachers1939
斜陽 [Shayō]The Setting Sun1947Keene
思案の敗北 [shian no haiboku]The Defeat of Deliberation1936
新ハムレット [Shinhamuretto]New Hamlet1941
新樹の言葉 [Shinjunokotoba]Words of the New Trees1943
新郎 [Shinro]The Groom1943
新釈諸国噺 [Shinshakushokokubanashi]New Interpretation of Country Stories1945O'Brien[28]
親友交歓 [Shin'yūkōkan]The Courtesy Call1943
失敗園 [Shippaien]The Garden of Failure1942
知らない人 [Shiranai hito]Unknown Person1943
【シリーズ好評既刊】([Shirīzu kōhyō kikan])Successful Series1941
私信 [Shishin]Private Letter1940
市井喧争 [Shisei kenso]People's Disputes1942
正直ノオト [Shōjiki nōto]Honest Notes1938
諸君の位置 [Shokun no ichi]Your Positions1940
食通 [Shokutsu]Gourmet1942
小志 [Shōshi]Small Ambitions1939
小照 [Shōshō]Little Light1942
小説の面白さ [Shōsetsunoomoshirosa]The Fun of the Novel1940
秋風記 [Shūfūki]Autumn Wind Story1942
春昼 [Shunchū]Spring Day1940
創作余談 [sōsaku yodan]Creation Side Notes1936
創生記 [sōseiki]Creation Story1946
水仙 [Suisen]Daffodils1942
雀 [Suzume]Sparrows1946
雀こ [Suzume ko]Little Sparrow1946
多頭蛇哲学 [Ta atama hebi tetsugaku]Philosophy of the Multi-headed Snake1934
田中君に就いて [Tanaka-kun ni tsuite]About Mr. Tanaka1937
たずねびと [Tazune bito]Seeker1946
天狗 [Tengu]Tengu1943
鉄面皮 [Tetsumenpi]Thick-skinned1936
答案落第 [tōan rakudai]Examination Failure1937
トカトントン [Tokatonton]The Sound of Hammering1947O'Brien
東京だより [Tōkyōda yori]News from Tokyo1941
東京八景 [Tōkyō Hakkei]Eight Views of Tokyo1941Lyons; McCarthy; O'Brien
燈籠 [Tōrō]Lantern1937
當選の日 [Tōsen no hi]Election Day1935
徒党について [Totōnitsuite]About Factions1944
津軽 [Tsugaru]Tsugaru1944Marshall; Westerhoven
津輕地方とチエホフ [Tsugaru chihō to chiehofu]Tsugaru Region and Chekhov1938
姥捨 [Ubasute]Putting Granny Out to Die1938O'Brien
右大臣実朝 [Udaijinsanetomo]Sanetomo, Minister of the Right1943
鬱屈禍 [ukkutsuka]The Hidden Curse1940
海 [Umi]The Sea1941
嘘 [Uso]Lie1941
やんぬる哉 [Yan'nurukana]Unbearable1937
ヴィヨンの妻 [Viyon no tsuma]Villon's Wife1947McCarthy
容貌 [Yobo]Appearance1936
横綱 [Yokozuna]Grand Champion1940
雪の夜の話 [Yuki no yo no hanashi]Story of a Snowy Night1936Swann
わが愛好する言葉 [Waga aikō suru kotoba]Words I Love1936
わが半生を語る [Wagahanseiwokataru]My Half-Life1937
渡り鳥 [Wataridori]Migratory Birds1936
私の著作集 [Watashinochosakushū]My Collected Works1944
座興に非ず [zakyō ni hizu]Not Just for Fun1936
俗天使 [Zoku tenshi]The Common Angel1947
善蔵を思う [Zenzō wo omou]Thinking of Zenzō1946
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See also

References

Sources

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