Out of Control (Kelly book)

Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World (ISBN 978-0201483406) is a 1992 book by Kevin Kelly. Major themes in Out of Control are cybernetics, emergence, self-organization, complex systems, negentropy and chaos theory. The book can be seen as a work of techno-utopianism.^{[citation needed]}

Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World

Author	Kevin Kelly
Publisher	Basic Books
Publication date	1992
ISBN	978-0201483406

Summary

The book's central theme is that several fields of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure but is much more like a beehive composed of small, simple components.^[1] Kelly applies this view to bureaucratic organizations, intelligent computers, and the human brain.

Reception

Although the book was not widely reviewed upon its initial release in 1992, it gained visibility, was reviewed, and was extensively cited in subsequent years.^[2] Reviews often discussed Kelly's hive-mind analogy as a metaphor for the New Economy.^[3]

Reviewers have called the book a "mind-expanding exploration" (Publishers Weekly)^[4] and "the best of an important new genre" (Forbes ASAP).^{[citation needed]}

Critics of the book have contended that its position precludes a critical approach to politics and social power.^[5]