PADI4

Protein-arginine deiminase type-4, is a human protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI4 gene.^[5][6] The protein as an enzyme, specifically protein-arginine deiminase, a type of hydrolase.

PADI4
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1WD8, 1WD9, 1WDA, 2DEW, 2DEX, 2DEY, 2DW5, 3APM, 3APN, 3B1T, 3B1U, 4DKT, 4X8C, 4X8G
Identifiers
Aliases	PADI4, PAD, PAD4, PADI5, PDI4, PDI5, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605347; MGI: 1338898; HomoloGene: 7883; GeneCards: PADI4; OMA:PADI4 - orthologs
EC number	3.5.3.15
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.13 Start 17,308,195 bp[1] End 17,364,004 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 D3|4 72.34 cM Start 140,473,176 bp[2] End 140,501,547 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in blood bone marrow bone marrow cells monocyte granulocyte spleen upper lobe of left lung testicle right lung gonad Top expressed in granulocyte morula lip hair follicle tibiofemoral joint cervix bone marrow otic vesicle embryo blood More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function metal ion binding arginine deiminase activity protein binding hydrolase activity protein-arginine deiminase activity calcium ion binding arginine binding protein homodimerization activity Cellular component nucleoplasm nucleus cytosol cytoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process chromatin remodeling nucleosome assembly regulation of transcription, DNA-templated immune system process transcription, DNA-templated stem cell population maintenance innate immune response chromatin organization arginine deiminase pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 23569 18602 Ensembl ENSG00000280908 ENSG00000159339 ENSMUSG00000025330 UniProt Q9UM07 Q9Z183 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012387 NM_011061 RefSeq (protein) NP_036519 NP_035191 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 17.31 – 17.36 Mb Chr 4: 140.47 – 140.5 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Molecular biology

The human gene is found on the short arm of Chromosome 1 near the telomere (1p36.13). It is located on the Watson (plus) strand and is 55,806 bases long. The protein is 663 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 74,095 Da.^[5]

Function

This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine to citrulline residues (citrullination). This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response.^[6] PADI4 plays a role in the epigenetics,^[7] the deimination of arginines on histones H3 and H4 can act antagonistically to arginine methylation.^[8]

The protein may be found in oligomers and binds 5 calcium ions per subunit. It catalyses the reaction:

• Protein L-arginine + H₂O = protein L-citrulline + NH₄⁺

Subcellular and tissue distribution

It is normally found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and in cytoplasmic granules of eosinophils and neutrophils. It is not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes. It is also expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues.