Pacencia Laurel

Pacencia Valencia Hidalgo Laurel (née Hidalgo y Valencia; April 30, 1889 – January 1, 1963) was the wife of Philippine President Jose P. Laurel and the third First Lady of the Philippines and the only First Lady to serve under the Japanese-occupied Philippines during World War II.

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Hidalgo, the second or maternal family name is Valencia, and, for married women, the optional marital name is de Laurel.

Pacencia Laurel
First Lady of the Philippines
In role October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945
President	Jose P. Laurel
Preceded by	Aurora Quezon
Succeeded by	Esperanza Osmeña
Personal details
Born	Pacencia Hidalgo y Valencia (1889-04-30)April 30, 1889 Captaincy General of the Philippines
Died	January 1, 1963(1963-01-01) (aged 73) Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines[1]
Resting place	Tanauan City Public Cemetery, Tanauan, Batangas
Spouse	Jose P. Laurel ​ ​ (m. 1911; died 1959)​
Children	9 (including Jose Jr., Jose III, Sotero II, Salvador, Arsenio)

Marriage and family

Laurel family

She eloped and married Jose P. Laurel, a fellow Tanauan native who was then a fresh high school graduate, on April 9, 1911.^[2] The couple had nine children:

• José Laurel Jr. (August 27, 1912 – March 11, 1998)
• José Laurel III (August 27, 1914 – January 6, 2003)
• Natividad Laurel-Guinto (born December 25, 1916)
• Sotero Laurel II (September 27, 1918 – September 16, 2009)
• Mariano Antonio Laurel (January 17, 1922 – August 2, 1979)^[3][4]
• Rosenda Pacencia Laurel-Avanceña (born January 9, 1925)
• Potenciana "Nita" Laurel-Yupangco (born May 19, 1926)
• Salvador Laurel (November 18, 1928 – January 27, 2004)
• Arsenio Laurel (December 14, 1931 – November 19, 1967)

Their marriage lasted until Laurel's death in 1959.

First Lady

She held out both as first lady and mother to the nation during the dark days of the war. Laurel refused to live in Malacañang and opted for their family home in Paco, Manila. Like Mrs. Quezon, she involved herself in socio-civic and charitable activities. The best compliment paid her can be found in the dedication of her husband's book Bread and Freedom (1952) which states: "To my beloved and understanding wife, who shared uncomplainingly, all the hardships that are the lot of one who tries to serve the fatherland."

In March 1945, President Laurel, together with his family, Camilo Osías, Benigno Aquino Sr., Gen. Tomas Capinpin, and Jorge B. Vargas, evacuated to Baguio. Shortly after the city fell, they traveled to Tuguegarao, where they embarked a bomber plane to Japan via Formosa (now Taiwan) and Shanghai, China. Her husband, while in Japan, issued an Executive Proclamation on August 17, 1945 that declared the dissolution of the Second Philippine Republic.^[5]

Her husband, son Jose III, and Aquino were subsequently incarcerated in Japan for collaboration with Imperial Japan, starting on September 15, 1945, and they remained there until July 23, 1946. Mrs. Laurel and her other children were then brought back home to Manila on November 2, 1945.^[2]