Parliamentary republics with an executive president

A parliamentary republic with an executive president, is a form of parliamentary democracy in which the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature to which it is held accountable, but is characterized by a combined head of state–head of government in the form of an executive president who carries out the functions of the head of state. This is in contrast to other parliamentary systems where the executive is separate from the head of state, and a presidential system where the executive is separate from the legislature. The president is typically elected by the legislature and must maintain its confidence to remain in office, for which purpose they may be required to hold a seat.

National level

Jurisdiction	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Botswana	President	The president is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat (ex-officio)	If a vote of no confidence is successful and they do not resign, it triggers the dissolution of the legislature and new elections are called (section 92 of the Constitution).	2 Terms (10 years in total)	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Guyana	President	The president and the legislature are elected directly by the people via double simultaneous vote	The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against the government ((article 106(6)) and new elections are called within 3 months (article 61)).[1]	2 Terms (10 years in total)	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Kiribati	President	The president is elected by plurality voting after candidates for the presidency are nominated by the newly elected legislature	If a vote of no confidence against the president is successful, they are removed from office and the legislature stands dissolved (triggering a new election for it) in the interim a body known as the "Council of State" (comprising the chief justice, the president of the public service commission and speaker of the legislature) fulfills the functions of the presidency.[2]	3 Terms (12 years in total)	NO	YES	YES		YES
Marshall Islands	President[3]	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Nauru	President[4]	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
South Africa	President[5]	The president is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, from among its members.	The president may be removed either by a motion of no-confidence or an impeachment trial.	2 terms (10 years in total)	?	?	Yes	Yes	Yes (see section 37 of constitution)	The president is required to be a member of the National Assembly at the time of the election. Upon election, the president immediately resigns their seat for the duration of the presidential term.

Sub-national level

Austria	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Burgenland	Landeshauptmann
Carinthia	Landeshauptmann
Lower Austria	Landeshauptmann
Salzburg	Landeshauptmann
Styria	Landeshauptmann
Tyrol	Landeshauptmann
Upper Austria	Landeshauptmann
Vienna	Bürgermeister
Vorarlberg	Landeshauptmann

Germany	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Baden-Württemberg[6]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval, the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two-thirds majority)		Yes
Bavaria[7]	Minister-president	Simple majority of members of parliament	None, but if the Minister-president does not resign although they have lost the confidence of parliament, they can be indicted before the state constitutional court	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)	Yes	Yes
Berlin[8]	Governing Mayor	Simple majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence (if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days, the former officeholder is reinvested automatically)	No	guideline competence	full		No (whole cabinet)
Brandenburg[9]	Minister-President	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes
Bremen[10]	President of the Senate	Simple majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	ceremonial precedence	none (the parliament elects and dismisses all cabinet members)		No (whole cabinet)		may not be a member of the state parliament
Hamburg[11]	First Mayor	Majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)		No (whole cabinet)		may not be a member of the state parliament
Hesse[12]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (dismissal of cabinet members subject to parliamentary approval)		Yes		members of noble houses, which have reigned in Germany before 1918, are ineligible for office
Lower Saxony[13]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)		Yes
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern[14]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes
North Rhine-Westphalia[15]	Minister-President	Majority of members of parliament (first ballot), simple majority (second and third ballot), runoff (fourth ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes		has to be a member of the state parliament
Rhineland-Palatinate[16]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes
Saarland[17]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval)		No (whole cabinet)
Saxony[18]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first ballot), simple majority (following ballots)	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full	Together with president of parliament	Yes
Saxony-Anhalt[19]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or simple majority, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes
Schleswig-Holstein[20]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes
Thuringia[21]	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	full		Yes