Pedro V of Portugal

"Pedro V" redirects here. For the King of Kongo and vassal of Portugal, see Pedro V of Kongo.

Dom Pedro V^[1] (Portuguese: Pedro de Alcântara Maria Fernando Miguel Rafael Gonzaga Xavier João António Leopoldo Vítor Francisco de Assis Júlio Amélio; 16 September 1837 – 11 November 1861), nicknamed "the Hopeful" (Portuguese: o Esperançoso), was King of Portugal from 1853 until his death in 1861.

Pedro V
Portrait, 1861
King of Portugal
Reign	15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861
Acclamation	16 September 1855
Predecessor	Maria II and Ferdinand II
Successor	Luís I
Regent	Ferdinand II (1853–1855)
Prime Ministers	See list The Duke of Saldanha The Duke of Loulé The Duke of Terceira Joaquim António de Aguiar
Born	(1837-09-16)16 September 1837 Necessidades Palace, Lisbon
Died	11 November 1861(1861-11-11) (aged 24) Necessidades Palace, Lisbon
Burial	Pantheon of the Braganzas
Spouse	Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ​ ​ (m. 1858; died 1859)​
House	Braganza (official) Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry (agnatic) [a]
Father	Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Mother	Maria II of Portugal
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

Early life and reign

Peter and his younger brother, Luís I of Portugal; William Barclay, 1843.

As the eldest son of Queen Maria II and King Ferdinand II, Peter was a member of the House of Bragança.^[a] As heir apparent to the throne he was styled Prince Royal (Portuguese: Príncipe Real), and was also the 23rd Duke of Braganza (Duque de Bragança).

Peter was a conscientious and hard-working monarch who, under the guidance of his father, sought radical modernisation of the Portuguese state and infrastructure. Under his reign, roads, telegraphs, and railways were constructed and improvements in public health advanced. His popularity increased when, during the cholera outbreak of 1853–1856, he visited hospitals handing out gifts and comforting the sick.

Pedro V, along with his brothers Fernando and João and other royal family members, died of typhoid fever or cholera in 1861.

Pedro V founded Associação Naval de Lisboa in April 30 of 1856. The oldest sports club in Portugal.

Marriage

Arrival of Queen Stephanie at Terreiro do Paço, 1858

Peter married German Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, eldest daughter of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and Princess Josephine of Baden, by proxy in Berlin on 29 April 1858 and then in person in Lisbon on 18 May 1858.

Among the many wedding guests in Lisbon was Stephanie's brother Prince Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrinus Friedrich Meinrad von Hohenzollern, Commanding General of the VII Prussian Army Corps, accompanied by Major Reimar Constantin von Alvensleben.^[2]

It was a happy marriage until Queen Stephanie died a year later from diphtheria. As Peter and Stephanie's marriage was childless, the Portuguese throne passed to his brother Luís.

Titles, styles and honours

Main article: List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown

Titles and styles

Royal styles of King Peter V of Portugal
Reference style	His Most Faithful Majesty
Spoken style	Your Most Faithful Majesty

Pedro V's official styling as King of Portugal: By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, Peter V, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, South Africa, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.^[3]

As heir apparent to the Portuguese crown, Peter held the following titles:^[4]

• Duke of Braganza (23rd)
• Duke of Barcelos (18th)
• Duke of Guimarães (20th)
• Marquis of Vila Viçosa (22nd)
• Count of Ourém (24th)
• Count of Barcelos (24th)
• Count of Faria and Neiva (24th)
• Count of Arraiolos (26th)
• Count of Guimarães (21st)

Honours

Domestic^[5]

• He was Grand Master of the following orders:
  • Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
  • Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
  • Order of Saint James of the Sword
  • Order of the Tower and Sword
  • Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa

Foreign^[5]

• Austrian Empire: Grand Cross the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1854^[6]
• Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 9 July 1854^[7]
• Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross, 1855
• Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
• French Empire: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
• Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
• Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
• Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Black Eagle
• Russian Empire:^[8]
  • Knight of St. Andrew, 13 March 1856
  • Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 13 March 1856
  • Knight of the White Eagle, 13 March 1856
  • Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 13 March 1856
• Kingdom of Sardinia:
  • Knight of the Annunciation, 15 July 1855^[9]
  • Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 15 July 1855
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1 August 1854^[10]
• Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1854^[11]
• Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 13 November 1846^[12]
• Two Sicilies: Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit
•  United Kingdom: Stranger Knight of the Garter, 24 June 1858^[13]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pedro V of Portugal[14]

8. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 4. Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry 9. Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf 2. Fernando II of Portugal 10. Ferenc József, Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 5. Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya 11. Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein 1. Pedro V of Portugal 12. João VI of Portugal 6. Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal 13. Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain 3. Maria II of Portugal 14. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 7. Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria 15. Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

See also

• Dom Pedro V Theatre
• D. Pedro V High School

Notes

1. While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"