Pelophylax caralitanus

Pelophylax caralitanus, commonly known as the Anatolian frog or Beyşehir frog,^[2] is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to southern Turkey and is considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Pelophylax caralitanus
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Ranidae
Genus:	Pelophylax
Species:	P. caralitanus
Binomial name
Pelophylax caralitanus (Arikan, 1988)
Range of P. caralitanus in green
Synonyms[2]
Rana ridibunda caralitana Arikan, 1988 Rana bedriagae caralitana Jdeidi, Bilgin & Kence, 2001 Rana caralitana Jdeidi, Bilgin & Kence, 2001

Description

The dorsal surface of P. caralitanus is greenish-brown heavily blotched with dark brown. It is similar in appearance to the Levant water frog (Pelophylax bedriagae) and the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), the two other lowland species of frog found in Turkey, but differs in being rather larger and not having longitudinal brown stripes on the head and back. It can also be distinguished from them by having a pale neck and belly blotched with red, orange, or sometimes yellow.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Pelophylax caralitanus is endemic to the Turkish Lakes Region of southwestern Turkey where it is found from the Konya Plain to Denizli. It has been recorded in Lake Beyşehir, Lake Eğirdir, Lake Suğla, Çarşamba Creek (Konya), Lake Gölcük (Isparta), Lake Hotamiş, Ivriz (Ereğli/Konya), Işikli Lake in Çivril (Denizli), and Çardak (Denizli).^[3] It occupies lakes, reservoirs, ponds, pools, rivers, streams, ditches, springs and marshes. It is tolerant of disturbed habitats such as fish ponds.^[1]

Ecology

This is an aqueous species of frog which spends the main part of its life in fresh water locations with plentiful vegetation. The tadpoles are herbivorous and feed on algae while the diet of the adult frog consists largely of insects and other aqueous invertebrates and their larvae; this is sometimes supplemented by the consumption of tadpoles.^[2]

Status

This frog is the largest edible frog native to Turkey and is collected for food, being exported commercially to France, Italy and Switzerland.^[1] It is also threatened by water extraction and loss of habitat, with several dams being planned to provide drinking water and crop irrigation. It is however present in protected areas, including Lake Kovada National Park, Lake Beyşehir National Park and Gölcuk Lake Nature Park. The IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being threatened, a vulnerable species.^[1]