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Peroxydisulfate
Ion containing sulfur and oxygen with a charge of 2- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The peroxydisulfate ion, S
2O2−
8, is an oxyanion, the anion of peroxydisulfuric acid. It is commonly referred to as persulfate, but this term also refers to the peroxomonosulfate ion, SO2−
5. It is also called peroxodisulfate.[2] Approximately 500,000 tons of salts containing this anion are produced annually. Important salts include sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8). These salts are colourless, water-soluble solids that are strong oxidants.[3]
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Applications
Salts of peroxydisulfate are mainly used to initiate the polymerization of various alkenes, including styrene, acrylonitrile, and fluoroalkenes. Polymerization is initiated by the homolysis of the peroxydisulfate:
- [O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−
Moreover, sodium peroxydisulfate can be used for soil and groundwater remediation, water and wastewater treatment, and etching of copper on circuit boards.[4][2]
It has also been used to produce hair lighteners and bleaches, medical drugs, cellophane, rubber, soaps, detergents, adhesive papers, dyes for textiles, and in photography.[2]
In addition to its major commercial applications, peroxydisulfate participates in reactions of interest in the laboratory:
- Elbs persulfate oxidation
- Oxidation of Ag+ to Ag2+, such as the preparation of tetrakis(pyridine)silver(II) peroxydisulfate
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Structure
Peroxydisulfate is a centrosymmetric anion. The O-O distance is 1.48 Å. The sulfur centers are tetrahedral.[5]
References
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