Piat, Cagayan

Piat, officially the Municipality of Piat (Ibanag: Ili nat Piat; Itawit: Babalay/Ili yo Piat; Ilocano: Ili ti Piat; Tagalog: Bayan ng Piat), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 24,805 people.^[5]

Piat
Municipality
Municipality of Piat
Welcome arch
Seal
Nickname:  Pilgrimage Center of Cagayan Valley
Map of Cagayan with Piat highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Piat Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°47′31″N 121°28′37″E
Country	Philippines
Region	Cagayan Valley
Province	Cagayan
District	2nd district
Founded	1610
Barangays	18 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Carmelo O. Villacete
• Vice Mayor	Leonel C. Guzman
• Representative	Samantha Louise V. Alfonso
• Electorate	17,910 voters (2025)
Area [2]
• Total	139.60 km2 (53.90 sq mi)
Elevation	43 m (141 ft)
Highest elevation	196 m (643 ft)
Lowest elevation	13 m (43 ft)
Population  (2024 census)[3]
• Total	25,436
• Density	180/km2 (470/sq mi)
• Households	6,123
Economy
• Income class	4th municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	9.9 % (2021)[4]
• Revenue	₱ 172.9 million (2022)
• Assets	₱ 315.1 million (2022)
• Expenditure	₱ 142.9 million (2022)
• Liabilities	₱ 71.58 million (2022)
Service provider
• Electricity	Cagayan 1 Electric Cooperative (CAGELCO 1)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	3527
PSGC	0201520000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)78
Native languages	Ibanag Ilocano Itawis Tagalog

Piat is dubbed as the "Pilgrimage Center of Cagayan Valley" because of the volume of devotees and tourists who come over to pay homage. It is the home of Our Lady of Piat which continues to be the source of inspiration and object of devotion of many Catholics in the region.

Etymology

There are quite a few conjectures on how Piat got its name. One has it that it derives from "pias," an Ilokano word, in Ibanag "addulu" and in Tagalog, "kamiyas." Another holds that the word comes from "aggapiya," meaning "healer, masseuse," and a more credible version has it that it is derived from the Ibanag and Itawes word "piya" which means "goodness, kindness, health." The latter words were said to have come from a healer or masseur who lived in the area.^[6]

From Fr. Jose Bugarin's Dictionary "Pia-t, a tree, and the name of a town in the province in the Ytaves (Itawes) district."

History

The original people were the Itawes; at present, there are many Ibanag, Ilocano, Tagalog, Kapampangan and other speakers. There are also families of Spanish and American descent. The head of the family was called urayan or baruwang and the council of elders Kammaranan. There were also war leaders and braves called mengal, and priestesses called anitera from the Spanish word called anito or minangilu in Ibanag, mangilut in Itawes and baybaylan in Bisayan; there were few priests among the ancient people.

In 1596, the Dominican Provincial, Fr. Miguel de San Jacinto named Piat as a mission in the Itawes region comprising the towns of Tabang, Malaueg, Tuao, and Piat. The encomenderos then were Pedro Barreda, Juan de Arranda, and Isabel de Cardona.

In 1604, the Bishop, Diego de Soria, negotiated for more missionaries for the Itawes region. To help in the pacification and evangelization of the region, the Dominicans introduced the devotion to Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary. In that year, they brought the images of Our Lady of Piat from Macau and first enshrined it in Lal-lo, and later bringing it back to Piat in 1622.

Geography

It is located in the south-west part of Cagayan province in what is known as the Itawes Region, along which the Rio Chico runs west, south, and north-west of the town until it debouches into the Rio Ibanag somewhere near Nassiping.^[7]

Piat is situated 39.12 kilometres (24.31 mi) from the provincial capital Tuguegarao, and 507.01 kilometres (315.04 mi) from the country's capital city of Manila.

Barangays

Piat is politically subdivided into 18 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

• Apayao
• Aquib
• Baung
• Calaoagan
• Catarauan
• Dugayung
• Gumarueng
• Macapil
• Maguilling
• Minanga
• Poblacion I
• Poblacion II
• Santa Barbara
• Santo Domingo
• Sicatna
• Villa Rey (San Gaspar)
• Villa Reyno
• Warat

Climate

Climate data for Piat, Cagayan
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	26 (79)	27 (81)	29 (84)	32 (90)	32 (90)	32 (90)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	28 (82)	26 (79)	29 (85)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	21 (70)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	24 (75)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	23 (74)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	109 (4.3)	78 (3.1)	64 (2.5)	54 (2.1)	181 (7.1)	196 (7.7)	204 (8.0)	211 (8.3)	174 (6.9)	198 (7.8)	185 (7.3)	231 (9.1)	1,885 (74.2)
Average rainy days	17.2	13.7	13.2	13.0	21.7	23.4	25.2	25.2	21.9	17.7	18.6	20.8	231.6
Source: Meteoblue[8]

Demographics

Population census of Piat

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 3,632 —     1918 4,646 +1.66% 1939 6,507 +1.62% 1948 7,099 +0.97% 1960 11,099 +3.79% 1970 11,528 +0.38% 1975 11,949 +0.72% 1980 14,046 +3.29%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 17,771 +2.38% 1995 17,472 −0.32% 2000 20,524 +3.51% 2007 22,211 +1.10% 2010 22,961 +1.22% 2015 23,597 +0.52% 2020 24,805 +1.06% 2024 25,436 +0.60%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[9][10][11][12][13]

In the 2020 census the population of Piat, Cagayan, was 24,805 people^[14] with a density of 180 inhabitants per square kilometre or 470 inhabitants per square mile.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Piat

10 20 30 40 50 2000 46.06 2003 31.47 2006 29.30 2009 22.49 2012 15.59 2015 14.36 2018 12.87 2021 9.90 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

As a municipality in the Province of Cagayan, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the town. The provincial government has political jurisdiction over most local transactions of the municipal government.

The municipality of Piat is governed by a mayor, designated as its local chief executive, and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the municipal councilors are elected directly by the people through an election held every three years.

Barangays are also headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. The barangays have SK federation which represents the barangay, headed by SK chairperson and whose members are called SK councilors. All officials are also elected every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council
(2019–2022)^[23]

Position	Name
Congressman	Baby Alyne Vargas Alfonso
Mayor	Leonel C. Guzman
Vice-Mayor	Reymundo Villacete III
Councilors	David Sto. Tomas, Jr.
	Marissa Beata A. Gonzales
	Rodjozmond Guzman
	Tito Eugene T. Bingayan
	Juliet Domingo
	Cipriano Cureg
	Rovilio Casibang
	Femardo Baligod

Congress representation

Piat, belonging to the second legislative district of the province of Cagayan, is represented by Samantha Louise V. Alfonso in the house of representatives.

Education

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system.^[24] The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region.^[25] The Piat Schools District Office governs the public and private elementary and high schools throughout the municipality.^[26]

Primary and elementary School

• Apayao Elementary School
• Catarauan Elementary School
• Dugayung Elementary School
• Gumarueng Elementary School
• Macapil Elementary School
• Minanga Elementary School
• Piat Central School
• Sicatna Elementary School
• Sta. Barbara-Maguilling Elementary School
• Sto. Domingo Elementary School
• Villa Rey Elementary School
• Warat Elementary School

Secondary schools

• Our Lady of Piat High School
• Piat Academy
• Piat National High School

Tourism

Front of the Minor Basilica of Piat in Piat, Cagayan

Basilica of Our Lady of Piat

Main article: Basilica of Our Lady of Piat

This site is visited by Roman Catholic pilgrims and is believed to exhibit miracles.^[27] The Basilica Minore of Our Lady of Piat is one of only 13 minor basilicas in the Philippines. It is distinguished as the home of the venerated Black Virgin Mary. The interior contains curved ceilings made of wood with historical images and accounts along the tops of the walls. Verandas inside the church add to the shrine's elegance. On the altar lies the Blessed Virgin Mary covered in glass. At the back of the church is a staircase leading to a window opening onto the back of the Virgin Mary where devotees can touch the dress of Our Lady.

Bukal ng Buhay

This spring allegedly bestows miracles and blessings. In April 2005, the spring started to draw crowds of devotees along with the woman who dreamed of the Miraculous Lady of Visitation of Piat. 10 years earlier while working abroad she received a dream where it was insisted that she personally go to Piat to look for the hidden spring near the sanctuary on the hill where the Miraculous Lady was being enshrined. From that day on the spring became a crowd attraction, even drawing people from the medical fields. Devotees share stories on how they get healed of their ailments or recover from their surgical operations after drinking and washing themselves with the miraculous water drawn from this “Bukal ng Buhay”. The bukal was featured on several television documentaries in the Philippines such as Rated K and Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho.