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Pisces in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

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In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Pisces as:[1]

Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.

Linnaean Characteristics[1]

  • Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
  • Gills: external
  • Jaw: incumbent
  • Penis: (usually) none
  • Eggs: without whites
  • Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
  • Covering: imbricate scales
  • Supports: fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.
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Apodes

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The European eel was named Muraena angvilla in 1758.
Muraena (eels)
Gymnotus (electric knifefishes)
Trichiurus (cutlassfishes)
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The seawolf was named Anarhichas lupus in 1758.
Anarhichas (wolffishes)
Ammodytes (sand eels)
Stromateus (butterfishes)
  • Stromateus fiatolaBlue Butterfish
  • Stromateus paruAmerican Harvestfish
Xiphias (swordfishes)
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Jugulares

Callionymus (dragonets)
Uranoscopus (stargazers)
Trachinus (weevers)
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The Atlantic cod was named Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias in 1758.
Gadus (cod & kin)
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The butterfly blenny was named Blennius ocellaris in 1758.
Blennius (blennies)
Ophidion (cusk-eels)
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Thoracici

Cyclopterus (Lumpfishes)
Echeneis (Remoras)
Coryphaena (Dolphinfishes)
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The black goby was named Gobius niger & Gobius jozo in 1758.
Gobius (Gobies)
  • Gobius niger & Gobius jozoBlack goby
  • Gobius paganellusRock goby
  • Gobius eleotris
  • Gobius aphya
  • Gobius pectinirostrisBlue-spotted mud hopper
  • Gobius anguillarisTaenioides anguillaris
Cottus (Sculpins)
Scorpaena (Scorpionfishes)
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The lookdown was named Zeus vomer in 1758.
Zeus (John Dories & kin)
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The European plaice was named Pleuronectes platessa in 1758.
Pleuronectes (Flatfishes)
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The Moorish idol was named Chaetodon canescens & Chaetodon cornutus in 1758.
Chaetodon (Butterflyfishes, Angelfishes, & kin)
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The red porgy was named Sparus orphus & Sparus pagrus in 1758.
Sparus (Breams and Porgies)
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The goldsinny wrasse was named Labrus suillus & Labrus rupestris in 1758.
Labrus (Wrasses, Parrotfishes, & kin)
Sciaena (Snappers & Croakers)
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The European perch was named Perca fluviatilis in 1758.
Perca (Perch, Grouper, & kin)
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The red lionfish was named Gasterosteus volitans in 1758.
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The flying gurnard was named Gasterosteus spinarella & Trigla volitans in 1758.
Gasterosteus (Sticklebacks & kin)
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The Atlantic mackerel was named Scomber scombrus in 1758.
Scomber (Mackerel & Tuna)
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The red mullet was named Mullus surmuletus in 1758.
Mullus (Goatfishes)
Trigla (Sea robins)
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Abdominales

Cobitis (Loaches)
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The walking catfish was named Silurus batrachus in 1758.
Silurus (Catfishes)
Loricaria (Suckermouth Catfishes)
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The Atlantic salmon was named Salmo salar in 1758.
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The brown trout was named Salmo eriox, Salmo trutta, Salmo fario & Salmo lacustris in 1758.
Salmo (Salmon, Trout, & kin)
Osmerus (smelts)
Coregonus (whitefish)
  • Coregonus lavaretusCommon whitefish
  • Coregonus albula & Coregonus vimbaVendace
  • Coregonus oxyrinchusHouting
  • Coregonus immaculatusCurimata cyprinoides
Fistularia (Cornetfishes)
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The longnose gar was named Esox osseus in 1758.
Esox (Pike, Gar, and kin)
Argentina (Herring smelts)
Atherina (Silversides)
Mugil (Mullet)
Exocoetus (Flying fishes)
Polynemus (Threadfins)
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The European anchovy was named Clupea encrasicolus in 1758.
Clupea (Herring, Hatchetfishes, & kin)
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The common carp was named Cyprinus carpio in 1758.
Cyprinus (Carp & kin)
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Branchiostegi

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The queen triggerfish was named Balistes vetula in 1758.
Mormyrus (Elephantfishes)
Balistes (Triggerfishes)
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The yellow boxfish was named Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus in 1758.
Ostracion (Boxfishes & Cowfishes)
Tetraodon (Pufferfishes & Sunfishes)
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The long-spine porcupinefish was named Diodon holocanthus in 1758.
Diodon (Porcupinefishes)
Centriscus (Shrimpfishes)
  • Centriscus scutatusGrooved shrimpfish
Syngnathus (Pipefishes & Seahorses)
Pegasus (Seamoths)
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References

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