Platte River (Iowa and Missouri)

The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River, about 200 miles (320 km) long,^[4] in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri in the United States. It is sometimes known as the Little Platte River^[5] to distinguish it from the larger Platte River, also a tributary of the Missouri, in nearby Nebraska; the Platte River of Missouri itself has a tributary known as the "Little Platte River".^[6][7][8] A variant spelling was 'Platt'.^[9]

Platte River
Platte River at 200st bridge just west of Parnell, Missouri
Map of northern Missouri rivers
Location
Country	United States
State	Iowa, Missouri
District	Platte County, Missouri, Buchanan County, Missouri, Andrew County, Missouri, Nodaway County, Missouri, Worth County, Missouri, Taylor County, Iowa, Ringgold County, Iowa, Adams County, Iowa, Union County, Iowa
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Creston, Iowa
• coordinates	41°08′57″N 94°23′00″W[1]
• elevation	1,340 ft (410 m)[2]
Mouth	Missouri River
• location	Platte City, Missouri
• coordinates	39°15′51″N 94°50′15″W[1]
• elevation	738 ft (225 m)[1]
Discharge
• location	Sharps Station, MO
• average	1,783 cu/ft. per sec.[3]

The Platte River near its confluence with the Missouri River at Farley, Missouri

Course

The Platte River rises near Creston in Union County, Iowa, and flows generally southwardly through Adams, Ringgold and Taylor Counties in Iowa; and Worth, Nodaway, Andrew, Buchanan and Platte Counties in Missouri. Along its course it passes the Iowa towns of Maloy, Blockton and Athelstan; and the Missouri towns of Sheridan, Parnell, Ravenwood, Conception Junction, Guilford, Tracy, Platte City and Farley. The Platte flows into the Missouri River near Farley, downstream of Leavenworth, Kansas.^[10][11]

Several sections of the river's course have been straightened and channelized.^[10][11]

History

Main article: Platte Purchase

When Missouri entered the union in 1821, the western border of Missouri from Arkansas to Iowa was based on the confluence of the Kansas River and Missouri River in the West Bottoms in Kansas City. Land in what is now the northwest Missouri was deeded to the Ioway, Sauk and Meskwaki tribes.

However, settlers (most notably Joseph Robidoux in St. Joseph, Missouri) began encroaching on the land. Further settlers in northern Missouri were upset about being cut off from the Missouri.

Excerpt from the Lewis and Clark map of 1814 shows the river identified as the "Little River Platte"

In 1836, William Clark (of Lewis and Clark) persuaded the tribes to sell their lands in northwest Missouri. The deal known as the Platte Purchase was named for the river was ratified in 1837 and the tribes were paid $7,500 for an area about the combined size of Delaware and Rhode Island. The land was then annexed to Missouri.

In 1838 settlers used the river (and the Nodaway River) to reach the heart of the newly available land. The Platte River is not used for transportation in modern times although Missouri River steam boats did call on Tracy, Missouri.

On September 3, 1861, bushwhackers burned a bridge over the river at St. Joseph, Missouri, derailing a Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad train killing between 17 and 20 and injuring 200 in one of the worst attacks on a passenger train in the Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy during the American Civil War. Union forces were to burn Platte City, Missouri in 1861 and 1864 as they tried to force the residents to give up Silas M. Gordon, the suspected ringleader of the attack.

The river is the biggest river in the Platte Purchase area and it flows through the Kansas City Metropolitan Area as well as St. Joseph, Missouri metropolitan area. The river is an eighth order river.

Average flow at mile 25.1 is 1,925 cubic feet second (54.5 m³/s). The highest flow was 37,800 ft³/s (1070 m³/s) during the Great Flood of 1993 on July 26, 1993. The lowest flow was 12 ft³/s (0.33 m/s) during a drought in August 1989.

Tributaries

The Platte River watershed contains a few major streams in their own right.

• Near its headwaters in Iowa the Platte collects minor branches known as the West Platte River,^[12] Middle Platte River,^[13] and East Platte River.^[14][10]
• In Buchanan County, Missouri, it collects the One Hundred and Two River and the Third Fork Platte River. The Third Fork collects the Little Third Fork,^[15] which flows southwardly through DeKalb and Buchanan Counties, past Clarksdale. Before leaving Buchanan County Castile Creek enters from the northeast.^[11]
• In Platte County, Missouri, it collects the Little Platte River, which rises in DeKalb County and flows south-southwestwardly through Clinton and Clay Counties, past Plattsburg and Smithville. Near Smithville, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam causes the Little Platte River to form Smithville Lake.^[11]

The following is a comprehensive list of all named direct and indirect tributaries of the Platte River:

Platte River at 170th St bridge west of Creston, Iowa

Adams County, Iowa

• Todd Branch
• Saylings Creek
  • Metz Creek
• West Platte River

Ringgold County, Iowa

• Gard Branch
• Turkey Branch
• Middle Platte River
  • East Platte River
  • East Branch Middle Platte River

Worth County, Missouri

• Platte Branch

Nodaway County, Missouri

• Long Branch
  • Cottonwood Creek
• Brushy Creek
• Honey Creek
  • Morgan Branch
  • Hog Branch
  • Wolf Pen Branch
  • Fox Branch

Andrew County, Missouri

• Niagara Creek
• Crooked Creek
• Agee Creek
• Hickory Creek
• Clear Creek

Buchanan County, Missouri

• Demoss Branch
• Castile Creek
  • Tributaries of Castile Creek
• Belcher Branch
• Rock Creek
• Pigeon Creek
• Riley Branch
• Third Fork Platte River
  • Tributaries of the Third Fork Platte River
• Candy Creek
• One Hundred and Two River
  • Tributaries of the One Hundred and Two River

The Platte River near Platte City, Missouri

Platte County, Missouri

• Prairie Creek
  • Sand Branch
  • Fox Creek
    • Big Creek
• Lanter Branch
• Gibson Branch
• Hettich Branch
• Murray Branch
• Clear Branch
• Jowler Creek
• Little Platte River
  • Tributaries of the Little Platte River
• Alger Creek
• Shanks Branch
• Dicks Creek
  • Owl Creek
• Bell Creek
• Grove Creek
• Holland Branch
  • Chestnut Branch
• Mitchell Branch

See also

• List of tributaries of the Missouri River
• List of Iowa rivers
• List of Missouri rivers