Pleosporaceae

Pleosporaceae is a family of sac fungi. They are pathogenic to humans or saprobic on woody and dead herbaceous stems or leaves.^[2]

Pleosporaceae
Cochliobolus sativus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Dothideomycetes
Order:	Pleosporales
Family:	Pleosporaceae Nitschke (1869)[1]
Synonyms
Pyrenophoraceae

They are generally anamorphic species (having an asexual reproductive stage).^[3] The type species is Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.^[2]

They have a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.^[4]

History

The family was created in 1869,^[1] based on the immersed ascomata and pseudoparaphyses of some species, and it was assigned to Sphaeriales order. It was then placed in the Pseudosphaeriaceae family by Theissen & Sydow (1917a) and then later raised to ordinal rank as the Pseudosphaeriales.^[5] Luttrell (1955) assigned Pleosporaceae under the Pleosporales order and treated Pseudosphaeriales as a synonym of Pleosporales.^[6] Later, availability of molecular data, and multi-gene phylogenetic studies confirmed the familial placement of Pleosporaceae with respect to other families in order Pleosporales (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010,^[7] Zhang et al. 2012b).^[8] Genera Alternaria, Bipolaris and Stemphylium are more common asexual morphs in Pleosporaceae and they are also saprobes or parasites on various hosts.^[2] Boonmee et al. transferred Allonecte from family Tubeufiaceae to family Pleosporaceae in 2011.^[9] Ariyawansa et al. (2015c) revised the family and accepted 18 genera into it.^[10] According to Wijayawardene et al. (2018),^[11] 16 genera were accepted in Pleosporaceae based on morphological and molecular data. Pem et al. (2019c) accepted genus Gibbago in Pleosporaceae based on morphological and molecular data.^[12]

Genera

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020;^[13]

• Allonecte Syd. (3)
• Alternaria Nees ex Wallroth, 1816 (360)
• Bipolaris Shoemaker (179)
• Chalastospora E.G.Simmons, 2007 (2)
• Clathrospora Rabenh. (20)
• Cochliobolus Drechsler, 1934 (19)
• Comoclathris Clem.(30)
• Curvularia Boedijn (497)
• Decorospora (Pat.) Inderbitzin, Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm, 2002 (3)
• Diademosa Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. (4)
• Dichotomophthora Mehrl. & Fitzp. ex M.B.Ellis, 1971 (6)
• Drechslera S.Ito, 1930 (36)
• Embellisia E.G.Simmons, 1971 (3)
• Exserohilum K.J. Leonard & Suggs (113)
• Extrawettsteinina M.E. Barr (2)
• Gibbago E.G.Simmons, 1986 (2)
• Johnalcornia Y.P.Tan & R.G.Shivas, 2014 (4)
• Lewia M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons
• Macrospora Fuckel (2)
• Macrosporium Fries, 1832 (13)
• Malustela (1)
• Mycoporopsis Müll.Arg. (12)
• Paradendryphiella Woudenb. & Crous, 2013 (2)
• Paraliomyces Kohlmeyer, 1959 (2)
• Platysporoides (Wehm.) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc. (12)
• Pleoseptum A.W. Ramaley & M.E. Barr (1)
• Pleospora Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not., 1863 (458)
• Porocercospora Amaradasa, Amundsen, H.Madrid & Crous, 2014 (12)
• Pseudoyuconia Lar. N. Vailjeva (1)
• Prathoda Subram. (2)
• Pseudoyuconia Lar.N. Vassiljeva (1)
• Pyrenophora Fr., 1849 (133)
• Scleroplea (1)
• Stemphylium Wallroth, 1833 (96)
• Tamaricicola Thambug., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde (1)
• Teretispora E.G.Simmons (2)
• Typhicola Crous, 2019 (2)

Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per genus.^[13]