Pleurodema

Pleurodema is a genus of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. The genus is endemic to South America. Species in the genus Pleurodema are sometimes known under the common name four-eyed frogs,^[1] although this common name can also refer to a particular species, Pleurodema bibroni.^[1] The common name is a reference to two inguinal poison glands that resemble eyes.^[2] When threatened, the frog lowers its head and raises its rear. When the frog adopts this posture, the poison glands are also raised toward the predator. The predator may also confuse the frog's raised posterior for the head of a larger animal.^[3]

Pleurodema
Pleurodema brachyops
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Leptodactylidae
Subfamily:	Leiuperinae
Genus:	Pleurodema Tschudi, 1838
Type species
Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838
Species
15, see the text.

Species

The genus contains the following 15 species:^[1]

• Pleurodema alium Maciel & Nunes, 2010
• Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838
• Pleurodema borellii (Peracca, 1895)
• Pleurodema brachyops (Cope, 1869)
• Pleurodema bufoninum Bell, 1843
• Pleurodema cinereum Cope, 1878
• Pleurodema cordobae Valetti, Salas & Martino, 2009
• Pleurodema diplolister (W. Peters, 1870)
• Pleurodema guayapae Barrio, 1964
• Pleurodema kriegi (L. Müller, 1926)
• Pleurodema marmoratum (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
• Pleurodema nebulosum (Burmeister, 1861)
• Pleurodema somuncurense (Cei, 1969)
• Pleurodema thaul (Lesson, 1827)
• Pleurodema tucumanum H. Parker, 1927