Pobedim

Pobedim (Hungarian: Pobedény) is a village and municipality in Nové Mesto nad Váhom District in the Trenčín Region of western Slovakia. A Slavic hill fort from the pre-Great Moravian period has been uncovered in the locality Hradištia. The hill fort belongs to Early Medieval sites with the highest number of artifacts found in Slovakia.^[4]

Pobedim
Municipality
Saint Michael's church, Pobedim
Flag
Pobedim Location of Pobedim in the Trenčín Region Show map of Trenčín Region Pobedim Location of Pobedim in Slovakia Show map of Slovakia
Coordinates: 48.65°N 17.80°E / 48.65; 17.80
Country	Slovakia
Region	Trenčín Region
District	Nové Mesto nad Váhom District
First mentioned	1392
Area [1]
• Total	8.61 km2 (3.32 sq mi)
Elevation [2]	167 m (548 ft)
Population  (2021)[3]
• Total	1,133
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	916 23[2]
Area code	+421 32[2]
Car plate	NM
Website	pobedim.sk

Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 169 metres (554 ft)^{[citation needed]} and covers an area of 8.60 km² (3.32 sq mi) (2024).^[5]

History

The village was first mentioned in 1392, but the area was occasionally inhabited from the Late Stone Age. The settlement is documented also from the Early Bronze Age and especially in the Late Bronze Age. The people of Lusatian culture built their settlement in the local swamps and left numerous artifacts (cultic artifacts, metallurgical tools, fragments of bronze, ceramics, etc.). The area was then settled by the Celts. In the Roman period, it was more or less uninhabited and only one finding is known from the Migration period.^[6]

The locality had been intensively colonized by the Slavs at the end of the 5th and in the 6th century (localities Horné Pole and Dolné Pole).^[7] The Slavic hill fort was built at the end of the 8th century and was destroyed for the first time at the end of the first third the 9th century.^[6] The destruction of the hill fort is usually associated with the unification of the Principality of Nitra and the Principality of Moravia (the attack of Mojmír's army or Pribina's attack preceding his expulsion, depending on principality to which is Pobedim attributed; neither destruction during other internal conflict related to integration processes of the Slavs cannot be excluded). Radiocarbon dating indices that construction activities were realized also in the turnover of the 9th/10th century.

The hill fort consists of two parts, probably not built at once. The whole hill fort was protected by 3 meters high wall with a palisade on top and external ditch. An archeological research uncovered 114 graves from the Early Middle Ages, residential buildings, outbuildings, workshops and in particular, one of the largest collection of ceramics from the 9th century in Slovakia. Twenty large metal depots contained hundreds of old Slavic hrivnas (semifinished iron products), tools, stirrups, keys and further artifacts. Weapons except axes are nearly missing what led to a hypothesis that the depots were hidden before an external attack and weapons were left for defense.^[8]

Nowadays, the area of the hill fort is a part of an agricultural field. The findings can be seen in the local museum in Pobedim.

Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Pobedim was part of Nyitra County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic.

Population

Population statistic (10 years)^[9]

Year	1994	2004	2014	2024
Count	1231	1218	1177	1111
Difference		−1.05%	−3.36%	−5.60%

Population statistic^[9]

Year	2023	2024
Count	1128	1111
Difference		−1.50%

It has a population of 1111 people (31 December 2024).^[10]

Ethnicity

Census 2021 (1+ %)^[11][12]

Ethnicity	Number	Fraction
Slovak	1107	95.59%
Not found out	46	3.97%
Total	1158

In year 2021 was 1158 people by ethnicity 1107 as Slovak, 46 as Not found out, 9 as Romani, 8 as Czech, 2 as Ukrainian, 2 as Other, 1 as Rusyn and 1 as Russian.

Note on population

The difference between the population numbers above and in the census (here and below) is that the population numbers above are mostly made up of permanent residents, etc.; and the census should indicate the place where people actually mainly live. For example, a student is a citizen of a village because he has permanent residence there (he lived there as a child and has parents), but most of the time he studies at a university in the city.

Religion

Census 2021 (1+ %)^[13]

Religion	Number	Fraction
Roman Catholic Church	889	76.77%
None	156	13.47%
Not found out	60	5.18%
Evangelical Church	25	2.16%
Total	1158

In year 2021 was 1158 people by religion 889 from Roman Catholic Church, 156 from None, 60 from Not found out, 25 from Evangelical Church, 9 from Christian Congregations in Slovakia, 8 from Greek Catholic Church, 7 from Calvinist Church, 2 from Other and 2 from Ad hoc movements.