Polinices

Polinices is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Polinicinae of the family Naticidae, commonly known as moon snails.^[1][2]

Polinices
Polinices lacteus shell
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Naticoidea
Family:	Naticidae
Genus:	Polinices Montfort, 1810
Type species
Polinices albus Montfort, 1810
Synonyms[1]
Albula Röding, 1798 (Invalid: junior homonym of Albula Osbeck, 1762 [Pisces]) Eucaryum Ehrenberg, 1831 Mamillaria Swainson, 1840 Mamma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (junior synonym) Mammillaria Herrmannsen, 1847 (Unjustified emendation) Natica (Mamma) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Natica (Polinices) Montfort, 1810 Naticella Swainson, 1840 Naticina Guilding, 1834 Polinices (Polinices) Montfort, 1810· accepted, alternate representation Polynices Herrmannsen, 1847 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Polinices) † Uba [sic] (Incorrect subsequent spelling) Uber Philippi, 1853

Polinices galianor from the Pliocene of San Diego County, California.

Polinices galianor umbilicus; Pliocene of San Diego County, California.

Species

Species within the genus Polinices include:

• Polinices albumen (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices alveatus (Troschel, 1852)
• Polinices amiculatus (Philippi, 1849)
• Polinices aurantius (Röding, 1798)
• Polinices bifasciatus (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)
• Polinices candidissimus (Le Guillou, 1842)
• † Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser, 2011
• † Polinices chattonensis (Marwick, 1924)
• Polinices citrinus (Philippi, 1851)
• Polinices cleistopsila Barnard, 1963
• Polinices constanti Huelsken & Hollmann, 2012
• Polinices cora (d'Orbigny, 1840)
• Polinices cumingianus (Récluz, 1844)
• Polinices effusus (Swainson, 1840)
• † Polinices fallai (Fletcher, 1938)
• Polinices flemingianus (Recluz, 1844)
• Polinices grunerianus (Philippi, 1852)
• Polinices hacketti Marincovich, 1975
• Polinices hepaticus (Röding, 1798) - brown moonsnail
• † Polinices huttoni Ihering, 1907
• Polinices immaculatus (Totten, 1835)
• Polinices intemeratus (Philippi, 1853)
• † Polinices intracrassus Finlay, 1924
• Polinices jukesii (Reeve, 1855)
• Polinices lacteus (Guilding, 1834) - milk moonsnail
• † Polinices laxus (Finlay, 1926)
• Polinices leptaleus Watson, 1881
• Polinices limi Pilsbry, 1931
• † Polinices lobatus (Marwick, 1924)
• † Polinices mackayi Marwick, 1931
• Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices mediopacificus Kosuge, 1979
• Polinices mellosus (Hedley, 1924)
• † Polinices mucronatus (Marwick, 1924)
• † Polinices oneroaensis Powell & Bartrum, 1929
• † Polinices otaioensis Marwick, 1960
• Polinices otis G.B. Broderip & Sowerby I, 1829
• Polinices paciae Bozzetti, 1997
• Polinices panamaensis (Récluz, 1844)
• † Polinices parki Finlay & Marwick, 1937
• Polinices perspicuus (Récluz, 1850)
• Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807)
• Polinices powisianus (Récluz, 1844)
• † Polinices propeovatus (Marwick, 1924)
• Polinices psilus (Watson, 1886)
• Polinices putealis Garrard, 1961
• † Polinices redemptus (Michelotti, 1847)
• Polinices sagamiensis Pilsbry, 1904
• † Polinices sagenus Suter, 1917
• Polinices tawhitirahia Powell, 1965
• Polinices uber (Valenciennes, 1832)
• Polinices uberinus (d'Orbigny, 1842) - dwarf white moonsnail, white moonsnail
• † Polinices unisulcatus (Marwick, 1924)
• Polinices vavaosi (Reeve, 1855)
• Polinices vestitus Kuroda, 1961
• † Polinices waipaensis (Marwick, 1924)
• † Polinices waipipiensis (Marwick, 1924)

Species brought into synonymy

• Polinices agujanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia agujana (Dall, 1908)
• Polinices albus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices alderi (Forbes, 1838): synonym of Euspira pulchella (Risso, 1826)
• Polinices aulacoglossa Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909: synonym of Glossaulax aulacoglossa (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909)
• Polinices bahamensis (Dall, 1825): synonym of Sigatica semisulcata (Gray, 1839)
• Polinices bathyraphe Pilsbry, 1911: synonym of Sigatica bathyraphe (Pilsbry, 1911)
• Polinices blaesus Marwick, 1929 †: synonym of Polinella blaesa (Marwick, 1929) †
• Polinices blaizensis Kilburn, 1976: synonym of Euspira blaizensis (Kilburn, 1976) (original combination)
• Polinices caprae (Philippi, 1852): synonym of Mammilla caprae (Philippi, 1852)
• Polinices columnaris (Récluz, 1850): synonym of Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807)
• Polinices conicus (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Conuber conicum (Lamarck, 1822)
• Polinices creper Marwick, 1965 †: synonym of Polinella creper (Marwick, 1965) † (original combination)
• Polinices didyma (Röding, 1798):^[3] synonym of Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798)
• Polinices draconis (Dall, 1903): synonym of Glossaulax draconis (Dall, 1903)
• Polinices dubius (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Polinices constanti Huelsken & Hollmann, 2012
• Polinices duplicatus (Say, 1822): synonym of Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822)
• Polinices ephebus Hedley, 1915: synonym of Glossaulax epheba (Hedley, 1915)
• Polinices fibrosa (Souleyet, 1852): synonym of Mammilla fibrosa (Gray, 1850)
• Polinices fringillus (Dall, 1881): synonym of Euspira fringilla (Dall, 1881)
• Polinices fryei Laws, 1933 †: synonym of Polinella fryei (Laws, 1933) † (original combination)
• Polinices fuscus (Blainville, 1825): synonym of Lunatia fusca (Blainville, 1825)
• Polinices galapagosus (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Polinices otis (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
• Polinices gradisuturalis Marwick, 1932 †: synonym of Polinella gradisuturalis (Marwick, 1932) †
• Polinices groenlandica [sic]: synonym of Polinices groenlandicus (Møller, 1842): synonym of Euspira pallida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) (incorrect gender ending)
• Polinices groenlandicus (Møller, 1842): synonym of Euspira pallida (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829)
• Polinices grossularia Marche-Marchad, 1957: synonym of Lunatia grossularia (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
• Polinices guilleminii (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of Euspira guilleminii (Payraudeau, 1826)
• Polinices helicoides (Gray, 1825): synonym of Hypterita helicoides (Gray, 1825)
• Polinices heros Say, 1822: synonym of Euspira heros (Say, 1822)
• Polinices incei (Philippi, 1853): synonym of Conuber incei (Philippi, 1853)
• Polinices kurodai Iw. Taki, 1944: synonym of Mammilla kurodai (Iw. Taki, 1944)
• Polinices lewisii: synonym of Euspira lewisii (Gould, 1847)^[4]
• Polinices litorinus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia litorina (Dall, 1908)
• Polinices macilenta (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Lunatia macilenta (Philippi, 1844)
• Polinices macrostoma (Philippi, 1852): synonym of Mammilla kurodai (Iw. Taki, 1944)
• Polinices mamilla [sic]: synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices mammata [sic]: synonym of Polinices mammatus (Röding, 1798): synonym of Mammilla mammata (Röding, 1798) (incorrect gender ending)
• Polinices maurus (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Mammilla maura (Lamarck, 1816)
• Polinices melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791)
• Polinices motutaraensis Powell, 1935 †: synonym of Taniella motutaraensis (Powell, 1935) †
• Polinices nanus Möller, 1842: synonym of Pseudopolinices nanus (Möller, 1842)
• Polinices napus (E.A. Smith, 1904): synonym of Euspira napus (E.A. Smith, 1904)
• Polinices nubilus (Dall, 1889): synonym of Payraudeautia nubila (Dall, 1889)
• Polinices obtusa (Jeffreys, 1885): synonym of Neverita obtusa (Jeffreys, 1885)
• Polinices opaca [sic]: synonym of Polinices opacus (Récluz, 1851): synonym of Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791) (incorrect gender ending)
• Polinices opacus (Récluz, 1851): synonym of Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791)
• Polinices pallidus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829): synonym of Lunatia pallida (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
• Polinices pardoanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia pardoana (Dall, 1908)
• Polinices parvulus Bozzetti, 2010: synonym of Notocochlis gualteriana (Récluz, 1844)
• Polinices patagonicus (Philippi, 1845): synonym of Falsilunatia patagonica (Philippi, 1845)
• Polinices pila Pilsbry, 1911: synonym of Lunatia pila (Pilsbry, 1911)
• Polinices planispirus Suter, 1917 †: synonym of Magnatica planispira (Suter, 1917) † (original combination)
• Polinices porcelanus (d'Orbigny, 1839): synonym of Polinices lacteus (Guilding, 1834)
• Polinices presubplicata Bouchet & Warén, 1993: synonym of Euspira presubplicata (Bouchet & Warén, 1993)
• Polinices priamus (Récluz, 1843): synonym of Mammilla priamus (Récluz, 1844)
• Polinices pseudovitreus Finlay, 1924 †: synonym of Uberella pseudovitrea (Finlay, 1924) †
• Polinices psila [sic]: synonym of Polinices psilus (R. B. Watson, 1886) (incorrect gender ending)
• Polinices pulchella (Risso, 1826): synonym of Euspira pulchella (Risso, 1826)
• Polinices pyriformis (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices rapulum (Reeve, 1855): synonym of Polinices intemeratus (Philippi, 1853)
• Polinices ravidus (Souleyet, 1852): synonym of Polinices amiculatus (Philippi, 1849)
• Polinices reclusianus (Deshayes, 1839): synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839)
• Polinices recluzianus (Deshayes, 1839): synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839)
• Polinices sandwichensis Dall, 1895: synonym of Natica sandwichensis (Dall, 1895)
• Polinices sebae (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844)
• Polinices simiae (Deshayes, 1838): synonym of Mammilla simiae (Deshayes, 1838)
• Polinices sordidus (Swainson, 1821): synonym of Conuber sordidum (Swainson, 1821)
• Polinices stanleyi Marwick, 1948 †: synonym of Polinices waipipiensis (Marwick, 1924) † (synonym)
• Polinices subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885): synonym of Euspira subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885)
• Polinices tawhitirahia Powell, 1965: synonym of Polinices mellosum (Hedley, 1924)
• Polinices triseriata (Say, 1826): synonym of Lunatia triseriata (Say, 1826)
• Polinices tumidus (Swainson, 1840): synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Polinices unimaculatus (Reeve, 1855): synonym of Polinices otis (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
• Polinices yokoyamai Kuroda & Habe, 1952: synonym of Euspira yokoyamai (Kuroda & Habe, 1952)
• Polinices zanzibarica Recluz, 1844: synonym of Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844)