Population epigenetics

Population epigenetics is a field that examines the extent (degree of variation) and dynamics (change over time) of epigenetic variation in natural populations, especially in response to changing environmental conditions.^[1] This emerging discipline integrates concepts from population genetics, epigenetics, and ecology to explore how epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, contribute to phenotypic diversity and adaptation in wild populations.^[1] Unlike traditional population genetics, which focuses on variations in DNA sequences, population epigenetics studies heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence itself.^[2]

Since epigenetic changes can be influenced by environmental factors, have a potentially higher rate of spontaneous mutation than genetic sequences, and may be passed down through non-Mendelian inheritance, they play a significant role in adaptation.^[1] Population epigenetics therefore offers new insights into the mechanisms of evolution, disease susceptibility, and the ability of organisms to adapt to changing environments.^[1][2]