Porthidium ophryomegas

Porthidium ophryomegas is a venomous pitviper species found in Central America. No subspecies are currently recognized.^[4]

Porthidium ophryomegas
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Porthidium
Species:	P. ophryomegas
Binomial name
Porthidium ophryomegas (Bocourt, 1868)
Synonyms
Bothrops ophryomegas Bocourt, 1868 Bothriopsis ophryomegas – Cope, 1871 Bothriechis ophryomegas – Günther, 1895 Trimeresurus ophryomegas – Mocquard, 1909 Trimeresurus lansbergii annectens Schmidt, 1936 Bothrops lansbergii annectens – Hoge, 1966 Porthidium ophryomegas – Campbell & Lamar, 1989[1]

Common names: slender hognosed pitviper,^[2] western hog-nosed viper.^[3]

Description

Adults usually grow to a length of 40–60 cm (16–24 in) and have a relatively slender build. Females grow larger than males and are often more than 60 cm (24 in) in length, while males are usually about 45 cm (18 in). One exceptional specimen, a female, was reported to measure 77 cm (30 in).^[2]

The color pattern consists of a tan, brown, gray or grayish-brown ground color overlaid with a narrow white, yellow or rust brown vertebral stripe and 24–40 dark brown to almost black blotches that oppose or alternate across the vertebral line. The blotches have thin white borders that extend at roughly a right angle from the vertebral line.^[2]

Geographic range

Found in Central America in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The type locality given is "les terres chaudes du versant occidental de la Cordillère Escuintla (Guatémala)" (= warm regions on western slope of Cordillera, Escuintla, Guatemala).^[1]

Habitat

Occurs in seasonally dry forests, including tropical dry forests, arid forests, subtropical dry forests, and the more arid parts of tropical moist forests.^[2]

Behavior

When threatened, these snakes have been known to defend themselves vigorously, often striking with such force that the body is thrown forwards or even leaves the ground.^[3]

Feeding

The diet consists of rodents and lizards. Juveniles feed mostly on lizards, as well as small frogs if available.^[3]

Reproduction

Ovoviviparous, females give birth to live young that are about 6 inches (15 cm) in length.^[3]

Venom

One death was confirmed in August, 2022^{[citation needed]}. They are quick to strike and several cases of serious envenomation have required hospitalization. According to Bolaños (1984), of the 477 cases of snakebite in Costa Rica in 1979, three were due to these snakes.^[2]