Prodipine

Not to be confused with Pridopidine.

Prodipine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name BY-101) is an experimental antiparkinsonian agent of the 4,4-diphenylpiperidine series related to budipine which was never marketed.^[2][3][1] It was the predecessor of budipine and was similarly found to be effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.^[1] However, prodipine produced side effects including gastrointestinal adverse effects, nausea and vomiting, and hypotension.^[1] Due to the nausea and vomiting with the oral form, it could only be tolerated with intravenous administration.^[1] As a result, budipine, which had fewer side effects, was developed instead.^[1]

Prodipine

Clinical data
Other names	BY-101; 1-Isopropyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidine
Routes of administration	Oral, intravenous injection[1]
Drug class	Antiparkinsonian agents
Identifiers
IUPAC name 4,4-diphenyl-1-propan-2-ylpiperidine
CAS Number	31314-38-2
PubChem CID	65775
ChemSpider	59195
UNII	51567MYG7V
ChEMBL	ChEMBL277382
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20185247
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C20H25N
Molar mass	279.427 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC(C)N1CCC(CC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3
InChI InChI=1S/C20H25N/c1-17(2)21-15-13-20(14-16-21,18-9-5-3-6-10-18)19-11-7-4-8-12-19/h3-12,17H,13-16H2,1-2H3 Key:CFOOTBBXHJHHMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Pharmacology

The mechanism of action of these drugs is unknown.^[1][4] However, budipine is known to stimulate the catecholaminergic system and to increase motor activity and vigilance in animals.^[1] It also increases brain dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels in animals treated with the monoamine depleting agent reserpine.^[1] It does not affect monoamine oxidase nor does it appear to interact with dopamine D₂ receptors.^[1] Both budipine and prodipine have been described as "central stimulants" in addition to antiparkinsonian agents.^[5] Prodipine is said to have more tendency to induce hyperactivity than budipine.^[1]

Analogues

Besides prodipine and budipine, another close analogue, medipine, was also developed.^[6][7]