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Production of peaches in California

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Production of peaches in California
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California is the largest grower of peaches in the United States, producing about 70% of the total.[1]

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Mountain Fruit Co.'s shipment for eastern markets, Placer County, 1922
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San Fernando Valley harvest, 1890
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George Clings, Carleton E. Watkins, 1889, now in the MoMA
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Grocery store in Fortuna, 2014
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San Francisco Farmers' Market, 2014
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Redlands
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Redlands
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Yokuts, Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
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Yokuts, Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
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Manzanar
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Redlands

The California Freestone Peach Association (CFPA)[2] and California Canning Peach Association/California Cling Peach Board (CCPA)[2][3] represent the industry.[4] (Although the CFPA is a separate incorporation, it has always been operated by the CCPA's staff.) The overwhelming majority of the country's peaches are grown here, in 2020 468,000 short tons (425,000 t) for sales of $308.3 million.[5] Since 1980 the total value of the harvest has been slightly increasing.[5] Peach acreage has been declining however, down to 73,000 acres (30,000 ha) as of 2020.[5]

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Economics

In 2014, California led US peach production, followed by South Carolina, then Georgia.[6]

As of 2021 cling deliveries for processing purposes have been on a downward trend for years.[7] From 430,000 short tons (390,000 t) in 2010, delivered tonnage declined to 225,000 short tons (204,000 t) in 2021.[7] Cling yield shows no clear trend over the same time, bouncing between 18.1 short tons per acre (41 t/ha) and 15.3 short tons per acre (34 t/ha).[7] As of 2022, prices of clingstone peaches had been trending mostly upward for several years, from $317 per short ton ($349/t) in 2012 to $518 per short ton ($571/t). In 2022, CCPA (California Canning Peach Association) expected deliveries of clingstone peaches to be between 214,200–232,400 short tons (194,300–210,800 t) from a yield of 15.3–16.6 short tons per acre (34–37 t/ha).[7]

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Breeding of peach

UCD hosts one of the major breeding programs in the country.[8] Most of the private breeding programs for peach in the country are found in California, with a significant amount of the public breeding also being performed here but also elsewhere in the country.[8]

Cultivars of peach in California

UCANR recommends[9] cultivars for the state:

  • Autumn Flame
  • Elegant Lady
  • Sweet Dream
  • July Flame
  • O'Henry – Created here and has remained popular ever since.[10][11][12][13]
  • Brittney Lane
  • Crimson Lady
  • Rich Lady
  • Spring Snow
  • Summer Sweet
  • Super Rich
  • Zee Lady
  • September Sun
  • Snow Giant
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Pests of peach

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See Cal ag § Colletotrichum acutatum for the cause of Peach Anthracnose here.[14]

Arthropod pests of peach

Some arthropod pests of peach in California are:[15]

Diseases of peach

Some diseases of peach in California include:[15]

UC IPM provides information about commonly used fungicides[16] and fungicide efficacy. (See also Cal ag § Fungicides.)

Peach Yellow Leaf Roll was first discovered in the Sacramento Valley in 1948, but remained uncommon until an epidemic in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[17] For the causative organism see Cal ag § Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri.

Nematode diseases of peach

Some nematode diseases of peach in California are:[18]

Weeds in peach

Some weeds in California which may affect peach trees include:[15]

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Integrated pest management in peach

Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers (Regional IPM Centers) hosts a suggested IPM plan for peach.[19] UC IPM provides even more detailed integrated pest management information.[15]

Fungal disease IPM in peach

UC IPM recommends treatment timings[20] and resistance management practices[21] specifically for peach IPM.

References

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