Progress MS-28

Progress MS-28 (Russian: Прогресс МC-28), Russian production No. 458, identified by NASA as Progress 89, was a Progress spaceflight launched by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It is the 181st flight of a Progress spacecraft.

Progress MS-28

Progress MS-28 as it departs from the ISS
Names	Progress 89 ISS 89P
Mission type	ISS resupply
Operator	Roscosmos
COSPAR ID	2024-145A
SATCAT no.	60450
Mission duration	194 days, 20 hours, 3 minutes
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Progress MS-28 No. 458[1]
Spacecraft type	Progress MS
Manufacturer	Energia
Launch mass	7,280 kg (16,050 lb)[2]
Payload mass	2,621 kg (5,778 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	15 August 2024, 03:20:17 (2024-08-15UTC03:20:17) UTC (08:20:17 AQTT)[3]
Rocket	Soyuz-2.1a
Launch site	Baikonur, Site 31/6
Contractor	RKTs Progress
End of mission
Disposal	Deorbited
Decay date	25 February 2025, 23:23 UTC
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric orbit
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Inclination	51.65°
Docking with ISS
Docking port	Zvezda aft
Docking date	17 August 2024, 05:55:07 UTC
Undocking date	25 February 2025, 20:17:33 UTC
Time docked	192 days, 14 hours, 22 minutes
Cargo
Mass	2,621 kg (5,778 lb)
Pressurised	1,201 kg (2,648 lb)
Fuel	950 kg (2,090 lb)
Gaseous	50 kg (110 lb)
Water	420 kg (930 lb)
Progress flights ← Progress MS-27 Progress MS-29 →

Mission

Launched from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan atop a Soyuz-2.1a on Thursday, 15 August 2024, at 03:20:17 UTC (08:20:17 AQTT, local time at the launch site). Progress MS-28 will deliver approximately 2,621 kg (5,778 lb) of food, water, clothing, fuel, and equipment to the ISS for the Expedition 71 and to prepare the station for the Expedition 72 crew.

The spacecraft autonomously docked with the ISS on 17 August 2024, at 05:55:07 UTC UTC. It attached to the aft port of the Zvezda module, replacing the Progress MS-26 spacecraft that was previously at the location.

After six months docked to the ISS, in preparation for the launch of the Progress MS-30 cargo mission, Progress MS-28 undocked on 25 February 2025 at 20:17:33 UTC. The braking maneuver started at 23:21 UTC and the spacecraft began to reenter Earth's atmosphere over the Southern Pacific Ocean around two minutes later. Its surviving debris were estimated to impact the ocean surface at around 01:05 UTC on 26 February.^[4]

Manifest

Each Progress mission delivers over a thousand kilograms of supplies in its pressurized section, accessible to crewmembers. These supplies include consumables such as food, water, and air, along with equipment for maintenance and scientific research. In its unpressurized section, the spacecraft carries tanks of water, fuel, and gases to replenish the station’s resources and sustain its onboard atmosphere. These resources are transferred to the station through an automated process.^[5]

For this mission, Progress MS-28 was loaded with a total of 2,621 kg (5,778 lb) of cargo and supplies prior to launch. The cargo manifest includes the following:^[4]

• Pressurized supplies: 1,201 kg (2,648 lb)
• Fuel: 950 kg (2,090 lb)
• Water: 420 kg (930 lb)
• Nitrogen gas: 50 kg (110 lb)

Orbital maneuvers

Progress MS-28 cargo spacecraft performed a series of orbital maneuvers to maintain and adjust the International Space Station's (ISS) trajectory. These come in the form of periodic "reboosts" to counteract atmospheric drag on the station or collision avoidance maneuvers, moving the station to dodge a piece of debris flying through space.^[4]

• 27 August 2024, 21:46 UTC: A 1,075.42-second burn increased velocity by 1.95 m/s (6.4 ft/s), raising the ISS's altitude by 3.4 km (2.1 mi) to 419.41 km (260.61 mi), preparing for Soyuz MS-25's departure and Soyuz MS-26's launch.
• 5 September 2024, 19:45 UTC: A 781.98-second burn increased velocity by 1.42 m/s (4.7 ft/s), raising the altitude by 2.48 km (1.54 mi) to 420.7 km (261.4 mi), finalizing adjustments for Soyuz MS-25's departure and Soyuz MS-26's launch.
• 4 October 2024, 08:44 UTC: A 1,207.62-second burn increased velocity by 1.66 m/s (5.4 ft/s), raising the altitude by 2.9 km (1.8 mi) to 419 km (260 mi).
• 13 November 2024, 16:47 UTC: A 1,894.4-second burn increased velocity by 2.82 m/s (9.3 ft/s), raising the altitude by 4.9 km (3.0 mi) to 417.23 km (259.25 mi), preparing for Progress MS-29's arrival.
• 19 November 2024, 20:09 UTC: A 330.90-second burn for collision avoidance delivered a 0.5 m/s (1.6 ft/s) velocity change, raising altitude by 800 m (2,600 ft) to reach a 430.86 km × 416.20 km (267.72 mi × 258.61 mi) orbit.
• 25 November 2024, 09:49 UTC: Another collision avoidance maneuver lasting 211.96 seconds, delivering a 0.3 m/s (0.98 ft/s) velocity change, raising altitude by 500 m (1,600 ft) to a 430.40 km × 417.81 km (267.44 mi × 259.62 mi) orbit.
• 22 December 2024, 01:10 UTC: A 811.3-second burn increased velocity by 1.3 m/s (4.3 ft/s), raising the ISS's altitude by 2.3 km (1.4 mi) to 416.43 km (258.76 mi), preparing for Soyuz MS-26's departure and Soyuz MS-27's launch.
• 11 January 2025, 17:45 UTC: A 1,155-second burn increased velocity by 1.8 m/s (5.9 ft/s), raising the ISS's altitude by 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to 416.71 km (258.93 mi), preparing for Soyuz MS-26's departure and Soyuz MS-27's launch.
• 1 February 2025, 08:58 UTC: A 1,227.2-second burn increased velocity by 1.82 m/s (6.0 ft/s), raising the ISS's altitude by 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to 417.44 km (259.39 mi), preparing for Soyuz MS-26's departure and Soyuz MS-27's launch.
• 20 February 2025, 01:30 UTC: A 1,341.2-second burn increased velocity by 1.95 m/s (6.4 ft/s), raising the ISS's altitude by 3.4 km (2.1 mi) to 419 km (260 mi), preparing for Soyuz MS-26's departure and Soyuz MS-27's launch.

See also

• Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
• List of Progress missions