Progressive Party (Philippines)

The Progressive Party of the Philippines (PPP), also known as the Party for Philippine Progress, was a reformist political party that existed in the late 1950s and the 1960s. It is considered to be the earliest Filipino form of a genuine alternative party to the then-dominant political pair of the Nacionalista Party and the Liberal Party. The party ceased to exist by 1969.

Progressive Party of the Philippines
Founder	Manuel Manahan Raul Manglapus
Founded	1957
Dissolved	1969
Split from	Nacionalista
Ideology	Progressivism Reformism
Political position	Centre-left
Politics of the Philippines Political parties Elections

History

Formation and Garcia's administration: 1957–1961

The party was founded in 1957 by Manuel Manahan and Raul Manglapus, both of whom had served as key members of the administration of President Ramon Magsaysay before his untimely death earlier that year. The formation came as a result of the dissatisfaction of members of the Nacionalista Party over the "cold treatment" given to them by allies of newly installed President Carlos P. Garcia.^[1]

In the 1957 general election held later that year, Manahan ran as the standard-bearer of the new party while Vicente Araneta served as his running mate. The party also fielded a complete slate of eight senatorial candidates, among them being Manglapus.

Manahan launched a campaign similar to that of the deceased but still popular Magsaysay, thus allowing him to become popular with the masses and pose a credible threat to President Garcia and Jose Yulo, the Liberal candidate.^[1] In the end, Manahan only ranked third behind President Garcia, managing to acquire 20.90 percent of the vote. Araneta, on the other hand, lost to Liberal Congressman Diosdado Macapagal, garnering 7.97 percent of the vote.^[2] None of the senatorial candidates in the party won seats in the Senate.

In the 1959 midterm election, the party allied itself with Liberal and Nacionalista defectors to form the Grand Alliance.^[3] During the campaign, the Grand Alliance highlighted the graft and corruption taking place under the Garcia administration. Eventually, the Alliance was successful in diminishing the Senate Nacionalista majority.^[4]

Macapagal and Marcos' presidencies : 1961–1969

In 1961, the Progressives, under the Grand Alliance, joined forces with Liberals in order to prevent the re-election of President Garcia.^[3] Together, the united parties supported Liberal Vice-President Macapagal as its candidate for the 1961 presidential election and Progressive Emmanuel Pelaez, (who later joined Liberal) as his running mate.^[5] Progressives Manglapus and Manahan also ran as guest senatorial candidates of Liberal, with both of them managing to win seats in the Senate.

By 1965, members of the Grand Alliance separated themselves from Liberals due to their dissatisfaction with the Macapagal administration for not fulfilling their expectations.^[3] Soon, the Progressive Party was renamed as the Party for Philippine Progress. It fielded Manglapus as its presidential candidate for the general election held later that year, and Manahan ran as its vice-presidential candidate. The rejuvenated party also fielded its own senatorial slate, though it was incomplete.

Widely known as the Third Force, the Party for Philippine Progress was seen as a genuine alternative to President Macapagal and former Liberal Senator Ferdinand Marcos, now a Nacionalista. Manglapus, in particular, showed surprising strength in the larger cities and the young voters.^[6] But unlike the 1957 election in which Manahan was seen as a viable contender, Manglapus was not seen as having a good chance of winning the election.^[7] In the end, Manglapus lost to Marcos with 5.17 percent of the vote, while Manahan lost to former Vice President Fernando Lopez, the running mate of Marcos, with 3.40 percent of the vote.^[2]

The party continued to exist until it quietly disbanded in 1969.^[8]

Members

Candidates

The following were members of the Progressive Party who ran as candidates in the national elections. Those highlighted in bold signify those who were able to win the position they were running for.

Year	President	Vice President	Senators
1957	Manuel Manahan	Vicente Araneta	Eleuterio Adevoso Jaime Ferrer Josefa Gonzales-Estrada Jose M. Hernandez Raul Manglapus Fulvio Pelaez Rodrigo Perez Jr. Norberto Romualdez Jr.
1959[note 1]	None[note 2]	None[note 3]	Manuel Manahan Raul Manglapus
1961[note 4]	None[note 5]	Emmanuel Pelaez	Manuel Manahan Raul Manglapus
1965[note 6]	Raul Manglapus	Manuel Manahan	Vicente Araneta Jose Feria Benjamin Gaston Dionisio Ojeda

Notes

1. As the Grand Alliance
2. No presidential election was held this year.
3. No vice-presidential election was held this year.
4. As the Grand Alliance and as guest members of the Liberal Party
5. The Progressives endorsed Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal).
6. As the Party for Philippine Progress

Others

• Richard Gordon^[9]
• Blas Ople^[10]

Electoral performance

President and Vice President

Year	Presidential election				Vice presidential election
	Candidate	Votes	Vote share	Result	Candidate	Votes	Vote share	Result
1957	Manuel Manahan	1,049,420	20.9%	Carlos P. Garcia (Nacionalista)	Vicente Araneta	1,375,090	8%	Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal)
1961	None[n 1]			Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal)	None[n 2]			Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal)
1965	Raul Manglapus	384,564	5.2%	Ferdinand E. Marcos (Nacionalista)	Manuel Manahan	247,426	3.4%	Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista)

Congress

Senate election	Votes	%	Senate seats	+/–	Senate Result	House election	Votes	%	House Seats	+/–	House Result
1957	3,393,935	12.1%	0 / 24		Lost	1957	62,968	1.3	0 / 102		Lost
1959	3,163,609	9.5%	0 / 24		Lost
1961	6,577,698	16.6%	2 / 24	2	Won	1961	Did not participate
1963			2 / 24	2	Seats only retained
1965	1,128,675	2.3%	2 / 24	2	Seats only retained	1965	41,983	0.6	0 / 104		Lost
1967	Did not participate
1969	Did not participate					1969	5,031	0.0	0 / 110		Lost

Notes

1. Endorsed the candidacy of Diosdado Macapagal of Liberal Party.
2. Endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Pelaez of Liberal Party.

Legacy

Despite the decline of the party, it had considerable influence in current Philippine politics. For instance, the Lakas, an active center-right political party in the country, considers the Progressive Party as its predecessor, largely because Manglapus was one of the earliest members of Lakas in the 1990s.^[11]

Elements of progressive political philosophy are also believed to have been passed on to later politicians no matter what part of the political spectrum they may belong to, such as former senator Raul Roco,^[12] and the philosophy was one of the main ideology of Roco's founded party Aksyon.