Promazine

Not to be confused with Bromazine.

Promazine (brand name Sparine among others),^[2] is used as a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.^[3][4] Its approved uses in people is limited, but is used as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.^[3] It has weak antipsychotic effects but is generally not used to treat psychosis.^[3]

Promazine

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlus	a600010
Drug class	Typical antipsychotic
ATC code	N05AA03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances)[1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	94%
Elimination half-life	20-40 hr
Identifiers
IUPAC name N,N-dimethyl-3-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propan-1-amine
CAS Number	58-40-2 Y
PubChem CID	4926
IUPHAR/BPS	7281
DrugBank	DB00420 Y
ChemSpider	4757 Y
UNII	O9M39HTM5W
KEGG	D08430
ChEBI	CHEBI:8459 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL564 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2023517
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.347
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H20N2S
Molar mass	284.42 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CN(C)CCCN1c2ccccc2Sc3c1cccc3
InChI InChI=1S/C17H20N2S/c1-18(2)12-7-13-19-14-8-3-5-10-16(14)20-17-11-6-4-9-15(17)19/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-13H2,1-2H3 Y Key:ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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It acts similar to chlorpromazine and causes sedation.^[3] It has predominantly anticholinergic side effects, though extrapyramidal side effects are not uncommon. It belongs to the typical antipsychotic and phenothiazine class of drugs.^[5]

Promazine was approved for medical use in the United States in the 1950s, although it is no longer commercially available there.^[2][6]

Uses

Promazine is a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.^[4]

Adverse effects

Common side effects include agitation, amenorrhea, arrhythmias, constipation, drowsiness and dizziness, dry mouth, impotence, tiredness, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, hypotension, prolonged QT, seizures, tremor, vomiting and weight gain, among others.^[4]

Overdose

In overdose, it may cause hypotension, hypothermia, tachycardia, and arrhythmia.^[4]

Sudden death may occur, although rare.^[4]

Other animals

Promazine, given as promazine hydrochloride, is one of the primary tranquilizers used by veterinarians as a pre-anaesthesia injection in horses.^[7][8] It does not provide analgesia and is not a very strong sedative, hence it is used combined with opioids or α₂ adrenoreceptor agonists, such as clonidine, or both.^[8][9] It can be used alone when performing a non-painful procedure such as the fitting a horseshoe.^[9] Low blood pressure, fast heart rate and paralysis of the penis are side effects.^[7] It is also an antiemetic, antispasmodic and hypothermic agent.^[8] Additionally it is used to lower blood pressure in animals with laminitis and kidney failure.^[8] It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.^{[citation needed]}

Synthesis

Synthesis:^[10][11][12] Patents:^[13][14] ~75%:^[15]