Protocalliphora

Protocalliphora or bird blowflies are a blow fly genus containing many species which are obligate parasites of birds.^[3] Eggs are laid in bird nests. After hatching, the larvae suck the blood of nestlings. They sometimes feed inside the nostrils of nestling birds and destroy the tissue at the base leading to reduced growth of the upper mandible and the young growing with "shovel-beaks".^[4] The species overwinter as adults.^[5]

Protocalliphora
Protocalliphora azurea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Calliphoridae
Subfamily:	Chrysomyinae
Genus:	Protocalliphora Hough, 1899[1]
Type species
Musca azurea[2] Fallén, 1817

The genus is affected by Wolbachia bacteria and it has been suggested that horizontal gene transfer may have led to the difficulty in separating species of Protocalliphora through DNA barcoding, with several species possessing identical mtDNA Cytochrome oxidase I sequences.^[6]