Proxorphan

Proxorphan (INN), also known as proxorphan tartate (USAN) (developmental code name BL-5572M), is an opioid analgesic and antitussive drug of the morphinan family that was never marketed.^[1] It acts preferentially as a κ-opioid receptor partial agonist and to a lesser extent as a μ-opioid receptor partial agonist.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

Proxorphan

Clinical data
ATC code	None
Identifiers
IUPAC name 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-6-oxamorphinan-3-ol or (1S,9R,10R)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-13-oxa-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.0~1,10~.0~2,7~]heptadeca-2,4,6-trien-4-ol
CAS Number	69815-38-9
PubChem CID	5361874
ChemSpider	21476727
UNII	TFE8T279QV
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90990082
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H25NO2
Molar mass	299.414 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES c1cc2c(cc1O)C34CCN(C(C2)C3CCOC4)CC5CC5

Synthesis

T. A. Montzka, J. D. Matiskella and R. A. Partyka, U.S. patent 4,246,413; Chem. Abstr. 95, 43442z (1981).

Starting material for this preparation is ketoester 1, available by one of the classical benzomorphan syntheses.^[7] Condensation with the ylide from Triethyl phosphonoacetate (HWE reaction) affords diester 2. Catalytic hydrogenation proceeds from the less hindered face to afford the corresponding saturated diester (3). The esters are then reduced by means of LiAlH₄ to give the glycol (4); this undergoes internal ether formation on treatment with acid to form the pyran ring of 5. Von Braun reaction with BrCN (or ethyl chloroformate) followed by saponification of the intermediate leads to the 2° amine (6). This is converted to the cyclopropylmethyl derivative 8 by acylation with cyclopropylcarbonyl chloride^[8][9] followed by reduction of the thus formed amide (7) with LiAlH₄. Cleaving off the O-methyl ether with sodium ethanethiol affords proxorphan (9).

See also

• Butorphanol
• Cyclorphan
• Ketorfanol
• Levallorphan
• Levomethorphan
• Levorphanol
• Moxazocine
• Nalbuphine
• Oxilorphan
• Xorphanol