Psychrophrynella usurpator

Psychrophrynella usurpator is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae.^[3] It is endemic to Peru and known from near Abra Acjanacu (its type locality), a mountain pass in the Cordillera de Paucartambo, the easternmost Andean range towards the Amazonian lowlands, and from the high elevation grasslands of the Manu National Park.^[1] It is named usurpator, because these frogs were previously misidentified as Noblella peruviana — in a sense, they had "usurped" the name of another frog species.^[2]

Psychrophrynella usurpator
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Strabomantidae
Genus:	Psychrophrynella
Species:	P. usurpator
Binomial name
Psychrophrynella usurpator De la Riva, Chaparro, and Padial, 2008[2]

Description

Psychrophrynella usurpator is a moderately robust-bodied frog with moderately long legs, without tympanic membrane but with a tympanic annulus that is visible through the skin, and rounded snout. Males measure 19.5–20.3 mm (0.77–0.80 in) and females 22.7–24.1 mm (0.89–0.95 in) in snout-vent length. Dorsum is gray to brown with smooth skin.^[2]

Males have vocal sacs and slits and call in mid-afternoon. The call is a series of short, quickly repeated, moderately high notes^[2]

Habitat and conservation

Psychrophrynella usurpator inhabit puna grasslands, also bordering agricultural land, and transitional areas to montane cloud forest, at elevations of 2,800–3,600 m (9,200–11,800 ft) above sea level.^[1] They can be found within bunch grasses, under mosses, and under rocks in humid puna.^[2] This species is common in the Manú National Park and in suitable habitats outside of the park. Burning of grasslands and agricultural activities can cause habitat loss outside the park but are not believed to cause population declines. The species seems also insensitive to chytridiomycosis.^[1]