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Push and pull factors in migration

Concept in demographics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the home area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another host area.[1][2]

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Factors

Push

  • Poverty
  • Political fear of persecution
  • Poor medical care
  • Loss of wealth
  • Natural disasters
  • Death threats
  • Desire for more political or religious freedom
  • Pollution
  • Poor housing
  • Bullying
  • Discrimination
  • Contamination
  • War
  • Sickness

Pull

  • Job opportunities
  • Higher benefits
  • Better living conditions
  • Having more political or religious freedom
  • Enjoyment
  • Education
  • Better medical care
  • Attractive climates
  • Security
  • Family links
  • Better areas for children
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Criticism

Sociology professor Hein de Haas has criticized the push-pull model for its inability to explain real world migration patterns.[3]

See also

Notes

Further reading

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