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Push and pull factors in migration
Concept in demographics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the home area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another host area.[1][2]
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Factors
Push
- Poverty
- Political fear of persecution
- Poor medical care
- Loss of wealth
- Natural disasters
- Death threats
- Desire for more political or religious freedom
- Pollution
- Poor housing
- Bullying
- Discrimination
- Contamination
- War
- Sickness
Pull
- Job opportunities
- Higher benefits
- Better living conditions
- Having more political or religious freedom
- Enjoyment
- Education
- Better medical care
- Attractive climates
- Security
- Family links
- Better areas for children
And no
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Criticism
Sociology professor Hein de Haas has criticized the push-pull model for its inability to explain real world migration patterns.[3]
See also
Notes
Further reading
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