Python Imaging Library

Python Imaging Library is a free and open-source additional library for the Python programming language that adds support for opening, manipulating, and saving many different image file formats. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The latest version of PIL is 1.1.7, was released in September 2009 and supports Python 1.5.2–2.7.^[2]

Python Imaging Library

Original author(s)	Fredrik Lundh
Developer(s)	Secret Labs AB
Initial release	1995; 30 years ago (1995)[1]
Stable release	1.1.7 / November 15, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-11-15)[2]
Preview release	1.2a0[3] / 2011; 14 years ago (2011)
Written in	Python, C
Type	Library for image processing
License	Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer[1]
Website	python-pillow.github.io

Pillow

Original author(s)	Jeffrey A. Clark (Alex)
Initial release	31 July 2010; 14 years ago (2010-07-31)[1]
Stable release	10.1.0 / October 15, 2023; 15 months ago (2023-10-15)
Written in	Python, C
Type	Library for image processing
License	Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer[1]
Website	python-pillow.github.io

Development of the original project, known as PIL, was discontinued in 2011.^[3] Subsequently, a successor project named Pillow forked the PIL repository and added Python 3.x support.^[4] This fork has been adopted as a replacement for the original PIL in Linux distributions including Debian^[5] and Ubuntu (since 13.04).^[6]

Capabilities

PIL offers several standard procedures for image manipulation. These include:

• per-pixel manipulations,^[7]
• masking and transparency handling,
• image filtering, such as blurring, contouring, smoothing, or edge finding,^[8]
• image enhancing, such as sharpening, adjusting brightness, contrast or color,^[9]
• adding text

File formats

Supported file formats include PPM, PNG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, and BMP. PIL is extensible, allowing users to create custom decoders for any file format.^[10]

Programming examples

import os
from PIL import Image


def convert_jpegs_to_pngs(folder_path):
    # Checks if the provided path is a folder
    if not os.path.isdir(folder_path):
        print(f"Error: {folder_path} is not a valid folder.")
        return

    # Iterates over all files in the folder
    for filename in os.listdir(folder_path):
        # Checks if the file has a .jpg or .jpeg extension
        if filename.lower().endswith(".jpg") or filename.lower().endswith(".jpeg"):
            # Full path of the file
            jpeg_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename)
            # Path for the converted file
            png_path = os.path.join(folder_path, os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".png")

            try:
                # Opens the JPEG image
                with Image.open(jpeg_path) as img:
                    # Converts and saves as PNG
                    img.save(png_path, "PNG")
                    print(f"Converted {jpeg_path} to {png_path}")
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error converting {jpeg_path}: {e}")

References

1. "Software License". Secret Labs AB. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
2. "Python Imaging Library". Secret Labs AB. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
3. "effbot / pil-2009-raclette". Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
4. "Pillow: a modern fork of PIL". Retrieved December 8, 2013.
5. "Details of package python-imaging in sid". packages.debian.org. Software in the Public Interest. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
6. "Details of package python-imaging in raring". ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
7. "PyAccess Module". readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
8. "ImageFilter Module". readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
9. "ImageColor Module". readthedocs.io. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
10. "D. Writing Your Own File Decoder". Effbot.org. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

External links

• Official website
• PIL Library reference
• Python Imaging Library at Wikibooks
• Pillow (Successor project)
• PIL Tutorial Examples