Queen Paola of Belgium

Paola Margherita Maria-Antonia Consiglia dei Principi Ruffo di Calabria^[b][2] (born 11 September 1937) is a member of the Belgian royal family who was Queen of the Belgians during the reign of her husband, King Albert II, from 9 August 1993 to 21 July 2013.

Paola Ruffo di Calabria
Queen Paola in 2008
Queen consort of the Belgians
Tenure	9 August 1993 – 21 July 2013
Born	Donna Paola Margherita Maria-Antonia Consiglia Ruffo di Calabria[a] (1937-09-11) 11 September 1937 (age 87) Villa Claudia, Forte dei Marmi, Italy
Spouse	Albert II of Belgium ​ ​ (m. 1959)​
Issue	Philippe, King of the Belgians Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este Prince Laurent
House	Ruffo di Calabria
Father	Fulco, Prince Ruffo di Calabria
Mother	Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana

Early life and family background

Paola Margherita Maria-Antonia Consiglia Ruffo di Calabria was born in Forte dei Marmi, Tuscany, Italy, the seventh and youngest child of Fulco, Prince Ruffo di Calabria, 6th Duke of Guardia Lombardi (1884–1946), who was a World War I Italian flying ace.^[3] Her mother was Donna Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana e di Sebastiano (1896–1989), a matrilineal descendant of the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution. She is predominantly of Italian and French ancestry, with a dash of Belgian, Dutch and German.^[4] In her youth, she was hailed as one of the leading beauties of Europe.

Queen Paola is fluent in Italian, French, German and English. Less fluent, and the cause of occasional criticism, is her Dutch, the mother tongue of nearly 60 percent of Belgians.^[5]

Marriage and family

Paola in 1967

In 1958, the Prince of Liège went to the Vatican to witness the coronation of Pope John XXIII. At a reception at the Belgian embassy, the Prince met Italian Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria. "We were both shy, so we only talked a little", Paola said later about their first meeting. Prince Albert later proposed marriage to Paola and she accepted. Their engagement was announced at the Palace of Laeken in 1959.^[6] The couple married at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels on 2 July 1959. They have three children together: King Philippe (born 15 April 1960), Princess Astrid (born 5 June 1962), and Prince Laurent (born 19 October 1963).

The couple's marriage was in trouble by the 1970s and Albert fathered a daughter by Baroness Sybille de Selys Longchamps, named Delphine. Despite starting divorce negotiations at the time, the couple remained married, and reconciled in the 1980s, celebrating it with a new symbolic wedding ceremony.^[7]

Activities

Queen Paola walks with Laura Bush during a tour of the Royal Palace of Brussels in February 2005.

Apart from her activities in the company of King Albert II, Paola devotes her time to social issues mainly in the social and cultural sphere.^[8]

The Queen has demonstrated interest in the contemporary Belgian arts, visiting Venetian Biennale several times. She has acquired works of Jan Fabre, Michael Borremans and others for the Royal collection.^[9] The Queen has often met with such artists as Luc Tuymans and Dirk Braeckman.

Paola takes a keen interest in the protection and preservation of Belgium's heritage. She makes numerous visits to cultural sites, from Beguine convents to early 19th century industrial facilities.^[8] Paola is interested in both traditional and contemporary crafts, and takes every opportunity to encourage the exercise and teaching of craft professions.^[8]

Paola keeps abreast of contemporary art and regularly supports major exhibitions and artistic performances both in Belgium and abroad. On her initiative, contemporary artists have had the opportunity to design and make original works within the Royal Palace of Brussels.^[8]

In 1992, Paola established the Queen Paola Foundation. The foundation focused on integration and training for young people. The foundation's activities are geared towards social integration, support for teachers at all levels of the education system and schools in socio-economically disadvantaged areas.^[8]

Paola is an honorary chairman of the Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel and Missing Children Europe.^[8]

Health

In 2015, the court announced Queen Paola was taking "a period of total rest" following doctors' orders. They also announced that she had to cancel a planned visit to the Biennale in Venice. Further communications were kept private. Paola sent a message to Grosio, where she was expected to visit the residence of her aunt the Marchioness Margherita Pallavicini Mossi.^[10][11] Newspapers believed that the Queen suffered a stroke during the holiday.^[12] The palace later announced she was being treated for a cardiac arrhythmia.^[13] In 2016, she fractured a vertebra and in the following year she suffered from a fractured femoral neck and broke her hip.^[14] In September 2018, her visit to Venice was cut short and she was flown to a hospital in Belgium due to what was described by the palace as a "health problem", though some outlets speculated that she had suffered a stroke.^[14][15] In March 2022, she was ordered to rest for two months after breaking her arm in a fall.^[16]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 11 September 1937 – 2 July 1959: Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria^{[note 1][3][17][18][19][20]}
• 2 July 1959 – 9 August 1993: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Liège
• 9 August 1993 – 21 July 2013: Her Majesty The Queen of the Belgians
• 21 July 2013 – present: Her Majesty Queen Paola of Belgium

Honours

See also: List of honours of the Belgian Royal Family by country

National

• Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold^{[citation needed]}
• Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic^[21]

Foreign

• Austria: Grand Star of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, 1st Class^[22]
• Bulgaria: Grand Cross of the Order of the Balkan Mountains^[23]
• Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant^[24]
• Estonia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana^[25]
• Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose^{[citation needed]}
• France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
• Germany: Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany^{[citation needed]}
• Holy See: Dame of the Collar of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
• Holy See: Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice^{[citation needed]}
• Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
• Latvia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars^[26]
• Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great^[27]
• Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau^{[citation needed]}
• Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion^{[citation needed]}
• Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange^{[citation needed]}
• Netherlands: Recipient of the Wedding Medal of Princess Beatrix, Princess of Orange and Claus Van Amsberg^{[citation needed]}
• Poland: Knight of the Order of the White Eagle^[28]
• Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Christ^[29]
• Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania^[30]
• Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Dame Grand Cross of Obedience of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta^{[citation needed]}
• Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III^[31]
• Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Seraphim^{[citation needed]}
• Sweden: Recipient of the Commemorative 50th Birthday Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf^{[citation needed]}

Arms

Alliance Coat of Arms of King Albert II and Queen Paola of the Belgians

Alliance Coat of Arms of former King Albert and Queen Paola of Belgium Since 2019

Royal Monogram of Queen Paola of Belgium

Dual Cypher of King Albert II and Queen Paola of the Belgians

Ancestry

Ancestors of Queen Paola of Belgium

8. Fulco VI, Prince Ruffo di Calabria-Santapau 4. Fulco VII, Prince Ruffo di Calabria 9. Eleonora Galletti dei Marchesi di San Cataldo 2. Fulco VIII, Prince Ruffo di Calabria 10. Theodore Mosselman du Chenoy 5. Laura Mosselman du Chenoy 11. Isabelle Coghen 1. Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria 12. Calisto Gazelli, Count di Rossana e di San Sebastiano 6. Augusto Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana 13. Francesca Cotti di Ceres 3. Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana 14. Count Enrico Vittore Felice Rignon 7. Maria dei Conti Rignon 15. Luisa Perrone dei Marchesi di San Martino

See also

• Queen Paola Foundation
• The Queen's Charities

Footnotes

1. Although The Belgian Monarchy website attributes the title of "Princess" to Queen Paola prior to marriage, Burke's Peerage 1973, The Descendants of Louis XIII 1999, Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels 2001, La Descendance de Marie-Thérèse de Habsburg 1996, and Le Petit Gotha 2002 among others, accord only the noble prefix of Donna to her and her sisters, reserving the title Principessa for the wife of the head of the family
2. In Belgium, women do not change their surname upon marriage.^[1]

1. Although The Belgian Monarchy website attributes the title of "Princess" to Queen Paola prior to her marriage, Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, The Descendants of Louis XIII, Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, La Descendance de Marie-Thérèse de Habsburg and Le Petit Gotha, among others, accord only the noble prefix of Donna to her and her sisters, reserving the title Principessa for the wife of the head of the family, Paola's father having received the title of prince in the Italian nobility in 1928 from King Victor Emmanuel III, heritable according to masculine primogeniture.