RQOPS

Reliable Quantum Operations Per Second (rQOPS) is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer. It combines several key factors to measure how many reliable operations a computer can execute in a single second: logical error rates, clock speed, and number of reliable qubits.^[1][2][3]

The quantities included in rQOPS can be measured in all quantum computer architectures, allowing different architectures to be compared with one standard metric. A larger rQOPS measurement indicates a faster and more accurate device capable of solving more complex problems.

Microsoft suggest that a machine with 1 million rQOPS qualifies as a quantum supercomputer.^[3][1][4]

Alternative benchmarks include quantum volume, cross-entropy benchmarking, Circuit Layer Operations Per Second (CLOPS) proposed by IBM and IonQ's Algorithmic Qubits.^[5][6][7] However, as opposed to considering qubit performance alone, rQOPS measures how capable a quantum system is at solving tangible problems.

Definition

rQOPS is calculated as rQOPS=Q x f, at a corresponding logical error rate pL., where Q is the number of logical qubits and f is the hardware's logical clock speed. Microsoft has selected this metric for the higher quantum computing implementation levels as it encompasses scale, speed, and reliability.^[1]

rQOPS =[Q][f]

See also

• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era
• Quantum error correction
• Threshold theorem