Rakastava

Rakastava (The Lover), Op. 14, is a suite by Jean Sibelius. He completed it in 1912, scored for string orchestra, percussion and triangle. He based it on his earlier composition of the same title, a song cycle of four movements for men's chorus a cappella completed in 1894. The works are based on a Finnish text in Book 1 of the Kanteletar.

Rakastava
Suite by Jean Sibelius
The composer in 1913
Opus	14
Composed	1912 (1912)
Movements	3
Scoring	string orchestra percussion triangle

Rakastava
Choral composition by Jean Sibelius
Composed	1894 (men's chorus) 1894 (men's chorus and string orchestra) 1898 (mixed chorus)
Movements	4
Scoring	men's chorus (1894) men's chorus and string orchestra (1894) mixed chorus (1898)

History

In 1894, Sibelius completed Rakastava, a cycle of four a cappella songs for men's chorus on a Finnish text in Book 1 of the collection of Finnish folk poems, the Kanteletar.^[1][2] He first set it in 1894, as an entry for a local competition. He won the second prize, while the first prize went to his former teacher.^[3] Sibelius arranged the cycle for men's chorus and string orchestra in 1894, and for mixed choir in 1898.^[1]

Sibelius used the cycle as the basis for the orchestral suite Rakastava for string orchestra, percussion and triangle, to which he assigned the opus number 14. He completed it in 1912, when he also wrote his Fourth Symphony.^[1][4] Sibelius often conducted the suite together with his symphonies because the piece "captivated audiences".^[1]

Music

Structure of the song cycle

1. Missä armahani
2. Armahan kulku
3. Hyvää iltaa lintuseni^[1]

Structure of the suite

1. Rakastava, Andante con moto (common time, D minor)
2. Rakastetun tie (The way of the lover), Allegretto (³
   ₄, B♭ major)
3. Hyvää iltaa ... Jää hyvästi (Good evening, farewell), Andantino (cut time, F major & D minor)^[5]

In the first movement, the strings sound light and beautiful. The choral part of the second movement was changed to "murmurs on the strings and wonderfully flexible melodic progressions."^[1] The third movement is deeply emotional as its model.^[1]

Recordings

The orchestral work was recorded along with other music by Sibelius, including Snöfrid, the Cantata for the Coronation of Nicholas II, Oma maa (My country) and Andante Festivo.^[3] On volume 54 of a complete Sibelius Edition by BIS, Osmo Vänskä conducts the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. A review notes the works "ethereal polyphony" and compares it to the melancholy of the Sixth Symphony.^[6] The work was also recorded by Neville Marriner and the Academy of St Martin in the Fields, as well as by Susanna Mälkki and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra.

Literature

• Tomi Mäkelä: "Jean Sibelius und seine Zeit" (German), (tr. "Jean Sibelius and his time") Laaber-Verlag, Regensburg 2013