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Ramdasia
Dalit caste of India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Ramdasia, also referred to as Ravidassia, were historically a Sikh, Hindu sub-group that originated from the caste of leather tanners and shoemakers known as Chamar,[1][2] and the weaver caste known as Julahas.[3]
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Terminology
Ramdasia is a term used in general for Sikhs whose ancestors belonged to the Chamar and Julaha castes.[3] The Chamars were traditionally leather workers and landless labourers whilst the Julaha were weavers.[3] Originally they were followers of Ravidass, who belonged to Chamar community.[1] Both the words Ramdasia and Ravidasia are also used inter-changeably while these also have regional context. In Puadh and Malwa, largely Ramdasia is used while Ravidasia is predominantly used in Doaba.[4] According to Sewa Singh Kalsi, the term Ramdasia referred to Julaha Sikhs whilst the terms Ad-Dharmi and Ravidasi referred to Chamar Sikhs.[3] The Julaha Sikhs were also known by the term Khalsa-biradar.[3]
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History
Summarize
Perspective
There are two main groups of Dalit Sikhs, the Mazhabis/Rangretas (originate from Chuhras) and Ramdasias/Ravidassias (originate from Chamars).[5] These two groups are not seen as equals, with the Chamar-derived group seeing themselves as superior to the Chuhra-derived group in the caste-hierarchy.[5] In Punjab, the houses of Julaha Sikhs are often situated near Chamar colonies known as chamardlis.[3] Thus, the Julahas and Chamars share a bond with one another and similar origins.[3] Julahas are seen as being higher-ranked on the caste-hierarchy than Chamar and Chuhra (Mazhabi) Sikhs.[3]
Ramdasia Sikhs are enlisted as scheduled caste by Department of Social justice, Empowerment and Minorities- Government of Punjab. On Department's list of Scheduled Caste, this caste is listed on serial number 9 along with other Chamar caste synonymous such as Ravidasia, Jatav and so on.[6]
Military service
British Raj
During World War I the single-battalion regiments of the Mazhabi and Ramdasia Sikh Pioneers – the 23rd, 32nd and 34th Pioneer Regiments – were expanded to comprise three battalions each. These units served in Egypt, Europe, Mesopotamia and Palestine and performed well. The 1/34th Sikh Pioneers were awarded the title of "Royal".[7]
The Ramdasia Sikhs, together with the Majhabi Sikhs, were recruited to the Sikh Light Infantry regiment (SLI) after its formation in 1941.[8] The Sikh Light Infantry has always been a "single class" regiment in the parlance adopted from the British Raj era. This means that it recruits only from one demographic, which in this instance means the Ramdasia Sikhs and Mazhabi Sikhs.[9] Indeed, the SLI was initially called the Mazhabi & Ramdasia Sikh Regiment.[10] Despite unwillingness among some policy makers, the British had to abandon their traditional distinction between martial and non-martial races during the Second World War. This was necessitated by the need for more recruits than could be supplied by those communities upon which they usually relied, such as the Jat Sikhs, Dogras and Punjabi Musalmans. In addition, indiscipline among Jat Sikhs caused by their concerns regarding a post-war division of India was another reason to prefer recruitment of new classes. While recruitment from the pre-war martial classes was still pre-eminent, that from newly recognised classes such as the Ramdasias and Mazhabis became significant.[11]
After independence of India
When India became independent in 1947, the British Indian Army became the Indian Army. This, like its predecessor, relies on the martial race theory for much of its recruitment and thus there is a grossly disproportionate number of Sikhs within its ranks.[12] The Ramdasias Sikhs and Mazhabi Sikhs continued their service with the SLI in the new army.[8] The SLI has served in almost all of the post-1947 conflicts involving India, including the wars with Pakistan in 1947, 1965 and 1971, the Hyderabad Police Action of 1948 and the Chinese aggression in 1962. It has also served in Sri Lanka, where the 1st, 7th, 13th and 14th Battalions have contributed towards peace-keeping.[13]
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Hindu Ramdasia
This sect of Ramdasia having faith in Hinduism and they mostly residing in Pathankot, Jammu, Himachal Pradesh and Jalandhar. Hindu Ramdasia migrated from Pakistan and back in Sialkot, these Ramdasia were involved in Leather/Sports Goods Business. After migrating in Jalandhar they established their own Tanneries and Sports Goods manufacturing Units. For This purpose Government of Punjab, India helped them by providing liberal loans and allotting sites for their Factories[14] Hindu Ramdasia's are staunch follower of Guru Ravidass and they follow Dera Swami Gurdeep Giri ji, Pathankot. According to Department of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India Ramdasias are listed as Chamar Caste on serial number 4 and 14 for Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh respectively.[15][16]
Demographics
As of 2011[update] Census, there were 3,095,324 Chamars in the Indian state of Punjab, of whom 1,017,192 declared themselves as Ad-Dharmi Chamar and 2,078,132 declared themselves as Ramdasia/Ravidasia Chamar. According to this Census, during the same year the population of Sikh Ramdasia/Ravidasia and Hindu Ramdasia/Ravidasia in Punjab was 1,443,079 and 629,157 respectively.[17]
Most of the Hindu Ramdasias (Counted along with other Chamar Caste Synonyms such as Ravidasia and Jatav) living in the Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. As of 2011[update], there were 212,032 Ramdasia in Jammu and Kashmir, comprising 209,512 Hindus, 2,486 Sikhs and 34 Buddhists,[18] 2,429,137 lived in Haryana (2,390,403 Hindu, 37,191 Sikh and 1,543 Buddhists)[19] and 458,838 resided in Himachal Pradesh (453,871 Hindu, 4,887 Sikh and 80 Buddhists)[20]
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Ramdasia diaspora and religious buildings
Ramdasia Sikh diaspora alongside Ravidassia from doaba emigrated from India and Pakistan is significant. Emigration from the Punjab began before and after the 19th century, with many Ravidasia/Ramdasia Sikhs settling in Europe,[21][22] and also a large Ravidasia/Ramdasia Sikhs population in North America mainly in United States and the Canada.[23] There is sizeable population of Ravidasia/Ramdasia Sikhs in Oceania as well.[24][25]
Fiji
- Guru Ravidass Gurdwara (Nasinu Sikh Temple), Nasinu (Established in 1939)[25]
New Zealand
Australia
- Guru Ravidas Gurdwara, Campbellfield, Melbourne (Established in 1996)[29]
England
- Shri Guru Ravidas Bhavan, Birmingham[30]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple, Southall[31]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Community Centre, Handsworth[32]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple, Wolverhampton[33]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Community Centre, Wolverhampton[34]
- Shri Guru Ravidas Temple - Coventry[35]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Community Centre, Coventry[36]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple, Hockley[37]
- Shri Guru Ravidas Temple - Foleshill[38]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple, Rebecca Street, Bradford [39]
- Gurdwara Shri Guru Ravidass Maharaj Ji, Thornbury Street, Bradford[40]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara - Bedford[41]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple - Darlaston[42]
- Guru Ravidass Sabha Community Centre, Derby[43]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple - Derby[44]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Leicester[45]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple - Willenhall[46]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple - Walsall[47]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara - Erith Kent[48]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara and Community Centre- Hitchin[49]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara- Newham, London[50]
- Guru Ravidass Sabha, Northampton[51]
- Dera Baba Gobind Dass, Guru Ravidass Sabha, Bilston[52]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara - Gravesend[53]
- Shri Guru Ravi Dass Sabha - Letchworth[54]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Bhavan - Luton[55]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara- Strood, Medway[56]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Gurdwara - Southampton[57]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Temple, Glasgow[58]
- Shri Guru Ravidass Mission Temple, London[59]
United States
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Pittsburg, California[23]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Fresno[60]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Rio linda[61]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Union City[62]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Yuba City[63]
- Guru Ravidass Gurdwara, Selma[64]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, Houston[65]
- Guru Ravidass Sikh Temple, New York[66]
- Guru Ravidass Sabha, DFW, Texas[67]
Canada
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See also
References
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