Random.org

Random.org (stylized as RANDOM.ORG) is a website that produces random numbers based on atmospheric noise.^[1] In addition to generating random numbers in a specified range and subject to a specified probability distribution, which is the most commonly done activity on the site, it has free tools to simulate events such as flipping coins, shuffling cards, and rolling dice. It also offers paid services to generate longer sequences of random numbers and act as a third-party arbiter for raffles, sweepstakes, and promotions. Random.org is distinguished from pseudo-random number generators, which use mathematical formulae to produce random-appearing numbers.^[2][3]

Random.org

Random.org as of October, 2009
Type of site	Web service
Available in	English
Owner	Mads Haahr
Created by	Mads Haahr
URL	www.random.org
Registration	optional
Launched	1998
Current status	online

The website was created in 1998 by Mads Haahr,^[4][5] a doctor and computer science professor at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. Random numbers are generated based on atmospheric noise captured by several radios tuned between stations.^[6][7]

Bits

A binary digit (bit) can be either 0 or 1. There are several Random.org radios located in Copenhagen, Dublin, and Ballsbridge, each generating 12,000 bits per second^[8] from the atmospheric noise picked up.^[9] The generators produce a continuous string of random bits which are converted into the form requested (integer, Gaussian distribution, etc.).

Quota

There are limits to the number of bits supplied to a particular IP address. A new user (identified by IP address) starts with a free-of-charge quota of 1,000,000 bits which is depleted every time bits are supplied, and topped up by 200,000 bits (or to 1,000,000 bits if the user has more than 800,000 bits remaining) every day at midnight UTC. Larger numbers of bits can be purchased.^[10]