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Referendums in Poland
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There have been several referendums in the history of Poland.
Second Polish Republic (1918-1939)
There were no country-wide referendums, as this was neither mentioned in the March Constitution nor as a procedure.[1] But there were two local referendums on border issues between Poland and Weimar Republic:
- 11 July 1920 – Referendum on Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle[2]
- 20 March 1921 – Referendum on Upper Silesia[2]
Polish People's Republic (1946-1989)
There were two referendums in the People's Republic of Poland:[3]
- 30 June 1946 – People's referendum (also known as the 3xTAK, 3 times YES referendum)[3]
- 29 November 1987 – Referendum on political and economic reforms[3]
Third Polish Republic (1989-)
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Perspective
There have been six referendums in post-Communist Poland with only two binding:[4][5]
- 18 February 1996:[6]
- 25 May 1997 – Constitutional referendum[6]
- 7–8 June 2003 – Referendum on joining the EU[6]
- 6 September 2015 – Referendum with three questions regarding Sejm representation, political party funding, and tax law dispute resolution: introducing single-member constituencies for Sejm elections, maintaining state financing of political parties, and introducing a presumption in favor of the taxpayer in disputes over tax law.[6]
- 15 October 2023 – A referendum alongside nationwide elections to the Senate and Sejm.[7] Four questions have been announced by members of the government from 11–14 August. Voters were asked whether they approve of privatisation of state-owned enterprises, increase in the retirement age, admission of immigrants under the EU relocation mechanism and removal of the barrier on Poland’s border with Belarus.[8][9][10] The referendum was answered by around 40% of eligible Polish voters, making it not binding.[11]
A referendum on the proposed EU Constitution was planned in 2005, but was abandoned after the rejection of the Constitution by French voters.[12]
Turnout
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Notes
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References
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